渤海海域夏季大型底栖动物群落特征
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摘要
根据2017年渤海海域47个站位大型底栖动物的调查资料,对该海域大型底栖动物进行了群落特征分析。调查共采集到大型底栖动物107种,研究海域大型底栖动物的平均密度为82个/m~2。优势种类分别为彩虹明樱蛤、不倒翁虫、长叶索沙蚕。聚类结果显示,渤海海域大致可按地理位置分为4个群落。与历史数据的对比显示,传统的较大个体的底栖种类,如棘皮动物、双壳类,已经被更小个体的多毛类、软体动物所取代,底栖动物的种类结构表现出了小型化的特征,这与近年来渤海海域底栖动物研究结果一致。研究表明,近年来受人类活动影响,渤海海域大型底栖动物群落结构已经发生了变化。
The community of Macrozoobenthos was investigated at 47 stations at the Bohai Sea in summer 2017. A total of 107 Macrozoobenthos species were collected,the average abundance of macrofauna was 82 ind/m~2. The dominant species were Moerella iribescens,Sternaspis sculata and Lumbrineris longiforlia. The hierarchical clustering of between groups linkage showed that the Macrozoobenthos community could be divided into 4 groups,which were closely related to the geographical position. It is noted that the dominant species showed a miniaturization trend,while the traditionally dominantsized species,present study such as echinoderms and bivalves,were replaced by small sized polychaetes and mollusks that is similar to research results at Bohai Sea in recent years. The study showed that the Bohai Sea was affected by human activities in recent years,resulting in the changes of macrofauna community structure.
The community of Macrozoobenthos was investigated at 47 stations at the Bohai Sea in summer 2017. A total of 107 Macrozoobenthos species were collected,the average abundance of macrofauna was 82 ind/m~2. The dominant species were Moerella iribescens,Sternaspis sculata and Lumbrineris longiforlia. The hierarchical clustering of between groups linkage showed that the Macrozoobenthos community could be divided into 4 groups,which were closely related to the geographical position. It is noted that the dominant species showed a miniaturization trend,while the traditionally dominantsized species,present study such as echinoderms and bivalves,were replaced by small sized polychaetes and mollusks that is similar to research results at Bohai Sea in recent years. The study showed that the Bohai Sea was affected by human activities in recent years,resulting in the changes of macrofauna community structure.
引文
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[16]刘录三,孟伟,郑丙辉,等.辽东湾北部海域大型底栖动物研究:Ⅳ.种类组成与数量分布[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(6):118-123.LIU Lusan,MENG Wei,ZHENG Binghui,et al.Studies on Macrozoobenthos in the Northern Waters of Liaodong Bay:Ⅳ.Species Composition and Number Distribution[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(6):118-123.
[17]李新正,于海燕,王永强,等.胶州湾大型底栖动物数量动态的研究[J].海洋科学集刊,2002,44:66-73.LI Xinzheng,YU Haiyan,WANG Yongqiang,et al.Study on the Quantitativedynamics of Macrozoobenthos in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Studia Marina Sinica,2002,44:66-73.
[18]王瑜,刘录三,刘存歧,等.渤海湾近岸海域春季大型底栖动物群落特征[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(4):430-436.WANG Yu,LIU Lusan,LIU Cunqi,et al.Community Structure Characteristics of Macrozoobenthos in the Coastal Seawaters of Bohai Bay in Spring[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(4):430-436.
[19]冷宇,刘一霆,杜明,等.黄河口海域2004-2009年春季大型底栖动物群落的时空变化[J].海洋学报,2013,35(6):128-139.LENG Yu,LIU Yiting,DU Ming,et al.Temporal and Spatial Variation of Macrofaunal Communities in the Estuary of Yellow River During Spring of 2004-2009[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2013,35(6):128-139.
[20]李乃成.渤海大型底栖动物功能群研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.
[21]周红,华尔,张志南.秋季莱州湾及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落结构的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2010,40(8):80-87.ZHOU Hong,HUA Er,ZHANG Zhinan.Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Laizhou Bay and Adjacent Waters[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2010,40(8):80-87.
[22]刘晓收,范颖,史书杰,等.渤海大型底栖动物种类组成与群落结构研究[J].海洋学报,2014,36(12):53-66.LIU Xiaoshou,FAN Ying,SHI Shujie,et al.Studies on the Species Composition and Community Structure of Macrofauna in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2014,36(12):53-66.
[23]房恩军,李军,马维林,等.渤海湾近岸海域大型底栖动物(Macrofauna)初步研究[J].渔业信息与战略,2006,21(10):11-15.FANG Enjun,LI Jun,MA Weilin,et al.A Primary Study on Bottom Marcofauna in the Coastal Waters of Bohai Bay[J].Journal of Modern Fisheries Information,2006,21(10):11-15.
[24]马藏允,刘海,王惠卿,等.底栖生物群落结构变化多元变量统计分析[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(4):297-300.MA Zangyun,LIU Hai,WANG Huiqing,et al.Multivariate Analysis of Community Structure on Macrozoobenthos[J].China Environmental Science,1997,17(4):297-300.
[25]周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用[J].青岛海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2003,33(1):58-64.ZHOU Hong,ZHANG Zhinan.Rationale of the Multivariate Statistical Software PRIMER and Its Application in Benthic Community Ecology[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2003,33(1):58-64.
[26]LIU R Y,CUI Y H,XU F S,et al.Ecology of Macrozoobenthos of the East China Sea and Adjacent Waters.In:Proceedings of International Symposium on Sedimentation on the Continental Shelf,with Special Reference to the East China Sea[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1983:879-903.
[27]ZHOU H,ZHANG Z N,LIU X S,et al.Changes in the Shelf Macrobenthic Community over Large Temporal and Spatial Scales in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2007,67(3):312-321.
[28]GAO X,ZHOU F,CHEN C T.Pollution Status of the Bohai Sea:An Overview of the Environmental Quality Assessment Related Trace Metals.[J].Environment International,2014,62(4):12-30.
[29]HANDLEY S J,WILLIS T J,Cole R G,et al.The Importance of Benchmarking Habitat Structure and Composition for Understanding the Extent of Fishing Impacts in Soft Sediment Ecosystems[J].Journal of Sea Research,2014,86(1):58-68.
[30]邓景耀.渤海渔业资源增殖与管理的生态学基础[J].渔业科学进展,1988,9(1):1-10.DENG Jingyao.Ecological Bases of Marineranching and Management in the Bohai Sea[J].Progress In Fishery Sciences,1988,9(1):1-10.
[31]邓景耀,孟田湘,任胜民,等.渤海鱼类种类组成及数量分布[J].渔业科学进展,1988,9(1):11-15.DENG Jingyao,MENG Tianxiang,REN Shengmin,et al.Species Composition and Quantitative Distribution of Fish in the Bohai Sea[J].Progress In Fishery Sciences,1988,9(1):11-15.
[32]林群,王俊,袁伟,等.捕捞和环境变化对渤海生态系统的影响[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(3):619-629.LIN Qun,WANG Jun,YUAN Wei,et al.Effects of Fishing and Environmental Change on the Ecosystem of the Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(3):619-629.
[33]李忠义,吴强,单秀娟,等.渤海鱼类群落结构的年际变化[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):403-413.LI Zhongyi,WU Qiang,SHAN Xiujuan,et al.Interannual Variations in Fish Community Structure in the Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(2):403-413.
[34]张顺峰,于洪军,徐兴永,等.环渤海区域近海污染特征分析及防治对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2012,29(7):71-75.ZHANG Shunfeng,YU Hongjun,XU Xingyong,et al.Characteristics and Countermeasures of Coastal Pollution Surround the Bohai Sea[J].Ocean Development and Management,2012,29(7):71-75.
[2]BREY T.Estimating Productivity of Macrobenthic Invertebrates from Biomass and Mean Individual Weight[J].Archive of Fishery&Marine Research,1990,32(4):329-343.
[3]HEIP C H R,DUINEVELD G,FLACH E,et al.The Role of the Benthic Biota in Sedimentary Metabolism and Sediment-Water Exchange Processes in the Goban Spurarea(NE Atlantic)[J].Deep-Sea Research Part II,2001,48(14):3 223-3 243.
[4]孙道元,刘银城.渤海底栖动物种类组成和数量分布[J].黄渤海海洋,1991,9(1):42-50.SUN Daoyuan,LIU Yincheng.Species Composition and Quantitative Distributions of Biomass and Density of the Microbenthic Infaunain the Bohai Sea[J].Jouranal of oceanography of Huanghai and Bohai Seas,1991,9(1):42-50.
[5]胡颢琰,黄备,唐静亮,等.渤、黄海近岸海域底栖动物生态研究[J].海洋学研究,2000,18(4):39-39.HU Haoyan,HUANG Bei,TANG Jingliang,et al.Studies on Benthic Ecology in Coastal Waters of Bohai and Yellow Seas[J].Donghai Marine Science,2000,18(4):39-39.
[6]韩洁,张志南,于子山.渤海大型底栖动物丰度和生物量的研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2001,31(6):889-896.HAN Jie,ZHANG Zhinan,YU Zishan.Study on the Macrobenthic Abundance and Biomass in Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2001,31(6):889-896.
[7]李荣冠.中国海陆架及邻近海域大型底栖动物[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.
[8]刘晓收,史书杰,周红,等.渤海大型底栖动物多样性及其与环境因子的关系[J].广西科学,2015(5):540-548.LIU Xiaoshou,SHI Shujie,ZHOU Hong,et al.Macrofaunal Diversity and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Bohai Sea[J].Guangxi Sciences,2015(5):540-548.
[9]史书杰.渤海大型底栖动物生态学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[10]环境保护部科技标准司.近岸海域环境监测点位布设技术规范:HJ 730-2014[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[11]国家海洋局.海洋调查规范:GB 12763-2007[S].北京:海洋出版社,2007.
[12]韩庆喜,李宝泉,韩秋影,等.渔业捕捞对威海港附近海域底上大型底栖群落结构影响的初步研究[J].海洋通报,2011,30(2):121-126.HAN Qingxi,LI Baoquan,HAN Qiuying,et al.Preliminary Study of the Impact of Fishery Trawling on Epifauna Community in the Coastal Water of Weihai Port[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2011,30(2):121-126.
[13]国家海洋局.海洋监测规范:GB 17378-2007[S].北京:中国国家标准化管理委员会,2007.
[14]杨青,李宏俊,李洪波,等.海洋生物多样性评价方法综述[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(1):157-160.YANG Qing,LI Hongjun,LI Hongbo,et al.Review on Assessment Methods of Marine Biodiversity[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013,32(1):157-160.
[15]刘录三,李新正.南黄海春秋季大型底栖动物分布现状[J].海洋与湖沼,2003,34(1):26-32.LIU Lusan,LI Xinzheng.Distribution of Macrozoobenthos in Spring and Autumn in the Southern Yellow Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2003,34(1):26-32.
[16]刘录三,孟伟,郑丙辉,等.辽东湾北部海域大型底栖动物研究:Ⅳ.种类组成与数量分布[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(6):118-123.LIU Lusan,MENG Wei,ZHENG Binghui,et al.Studies on Macrozoobenthos in the Northern Waters of Liaodong Bay:Ⅳ.Species Composition and Number Distribution[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(6):118-123.
[17]李新正,于海燕,王永强,等.胶州湾大型底栖动物数量动态的研究[J].海洋科学集刊,2002,44:66-73.LI Xinzheng,YU Haiyan,WANG Yongqiang,et al.Study on the Quantitativedynamics of Macrozoobenthos in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Studia Marina Sinica,2002,44:66-73.
[18]王瑜,刘录三,刘存歧,等.渤海湾近岸海域春季大型底栖动物群落特征[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(4):430-436.WANG Yu,LIU Lusan,LIU Cunqi,et al.Community Structure Characteristics of Macrozoobenthos in the Coastal Seawaters of Bohai Bay in Spring[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(4):430-436.
[19]冷宇,刘一霆,杜明,等.黄河口海域2004-2009年春季大型底栖动物群落的时空变化[J].海洋学报,2013,35(6):128-139.LENG Yu,LIU Yiting,DU Ming,et al.Temporal and Spatial Variation of Macrofaunal Communities in the Estuary of Yellow River During Spring of 2004-2009[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2013,35(6):128-139.
[20]李乃成.渤海大型底栖动物功能群研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.
[21]周红,华尔,张志南.秋季莱州湾及邻近海域大型底栖动物群落结构的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2010,40(8):80-87.ZHOU Hong,HUA Er,ZHANG Zhinan.Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Laizhou Bay and Adjacent Waters[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2010,40(8):80-87.
[22]刘晓收,范颖,史书杰,等.渤海大型底栖动物种类组成与群落结构研究[J].海洋学报,2014,36(12):53-66.LIU Xiaoshou,FAN Ying,SHI Shujie,et al.Studies on the Species Composition and Community Structure of Macrofauna in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2014,36(12):53-66.
[23]房恩军,李军,马维林,等.渤海湾近岸海域大型底栖动物(Macrofauna)初步研究[J].渔业信息与战略,2006,21(10):11-15.FANG Enjun,LI Jun,MA Weilin,et al.A Primary Study on Bottom Marcofauna in the Coastal Waters of Bohai Bay[J].Journal of Modern Fisheries Information,2006,21(10):11-15.
[24]马藏允,刘海,王惠卿,等.底栖生物群落结构变化多元变量统计分析[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(4):297-300.MA Zangyun,LIU Hai,WANG Huiqing,et al.Multivariate Analysis of Community Structure on Macrozoobenthos[J].China Environmental Science,1997,17(4):297-300.
[25]周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用[J].青岛海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2003,33(1):58-64.ZHOU Hong,ZHANG Zhinan.Rationale of the Multivariate Statistical Software PRIMER and Its Application in Benthic Community Ecology[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2003,33(1):58-64.
[26]LIU R Y,CUI Y H,XU F S,et al.Ecology of Macrozoobenthos of the East China Sea and Adjacent Waters.In:Proceedings of International Symposium on Sedimentation on the Continental Shelf,with Special Reference to the East China Sea[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1983:879-903.
[27]ZHOU H,ZHANG Z N,LIU X S,et al.Changes in the Shelf Macrobenthic Community over Large Temporal and Spatial Scales in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2007,67(3):312-321.
[28]GAO X,ZHOU F,CHEN C T.Pollution Status of the Bohai Sea:An Overview of the Environmental Quality Assessment Related Trace Metals.[J].Environment International,2014,62(4):12-30.
[29]HANDLEY S J,WILLIS T J,Cole R G,et al.The Importance of Benchmarking Habitat Structure and Composition for Understanding the Extent of Fishing Impacts in Soft Sediment Ecosystems[J].Journal of Sea Research,2014,86(1):58-68.
[30]邓景耀.渤海渔业资源增殖与管理的生态学基础[J].渔业科学进展,1988,9(1):1-10.DENG Jingyao.Ecological Bases of Marineranching and Management in the Bohai Sea[J].Progress In Fishery Sciences,1988,9(1):1-10.
[31]邓景耀,孟田湘,任胜民,等.渤海鱼类种类组成及数量分布[J].渔业科学进展,1988,9(1):11-15.DENG Jingyao,MENG Tianxiang,REN Shengmin,et al.Species Composition and Quantitative Distribution of Fish in the Bohai Sea[J].Progress In Fishery Sciences,1988,9(1):11-15.
[32]林群,王俊,袁伟,等.捕捞和环境变化对渤海生态系统的影响[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(3):619-629.LIN Qun,WANG Jun,YUAN Wei,et al.Effects of Fishing and Environmental Change on the Ecosystem of the Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(3):619-629.
[33]李忠义,吴强,单秀娟,等.渤海鱼类群落结构的年际变化[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):403-413.LI Zhongyi,WU Qiang,SHAN Xiujuan,et al.Interannual Variations in Fish Community Structure in the Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(2):403-413.
[34]张顺峰,于洪军,徐兴永,等.环渤海区域近海污染特征分析及防治对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2012,29(7):71-75.ZHANG Shunfeng,YU Hongjun,XU Xingyong,et al.Characteristics and Countermeasures of Coastal Pollution Surround the Bohai Sea[J].Ocean Development and Management,2012,29(7):71-75.