1979——2017年南海SSTA时空特征及其与沃克环流异常的相关
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摘要
利用1979—2017年HadISST月平均海面温度资料、ERA-Interim大气资料以及GPCP Version2. 3集合降水资料,分析了南海海面温度距平(SSTA)场的时空分布特征,并从南海降水异常的角度探讨了在ENSO期间,沃克(Walker)环流异常对南海海面温度异常(SSTA)的影响过程。结果表明,南海SSTA场分别存在全海域一致模态、东西反位相的偶极子模态以及纬向三级子正负位相三个主要模态,且三个模态都具有显著的准2 a及4 a左右的年际振荡周期,反映了南海SSTA与ENSO现象的高度相关性。对Walker环流异常的分析表明,Walker环流异常与ENSO事件及南海SSTA存在较好的相关。ENSO事件发生时,Walker环流异常移动通过"云辐射反馈过程",使得南海海面温度(SST)发生改变,因此Walker环流在ENSO影响南海SST异常过程中起到"大气桥"的作用。
The spatial and temporal variations of the sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed and the influencing process of the Walker circulation anomaly on the SSTA in the SCS during the ENSO period is discussed from the perspective of the precipitation anomaly by using monthly mean sea surface temperature( SST) provided by HadISST,ERA-Interim reanalysis data,and GPCP Version 2.3 Combined Precipitation Data Set. The results show that the SSTA field in the SCS has three major modes,including the homogenous structure mode,the eastwest out-of-phase dipole mode,and zonal triple mode. The three modes have significant quasi-biennial oscillation and quasi-quadrennial oscillation,which reflects a high correlation between the SSTA in the SCS and the ENSO phenomenon. And the analysis of the Walker circulation anomaly shows that the Walker circulation anomaly has a good correlation with the ENSO phenomenon and the SSTA in the SCS. When the ENSO event occurs,the anomalous movement of the Walker circulation changes the SST in the SCS through "cloud-radiation feedback process". The Walker circulation acts as an "atmospheric bridge"during ENSO’s influence on the SSTA in the SCS.
The spatial and temporal variations of the sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed and the influencing process of the Walker circulation anomaly on the SSTA in the SCS during the ENSO period is discussed from the perspective of the precipitation anomaly by using monthly mean sea surface temperature( SST) provided by HadISST,ERA-Interim reanalysis data,and GPCP Version 2.3 Combined Precipitation Data Set. The results show that the SSTA field in the SCS has three major modes,including the homogenous structure mode,the eastwest out-of-phase dipole mode,and zonal triple mode. The three modes have significant quasi-biennial oscillation and quasi-quadrennial oscillation,which reflects a high correlation between the SSTA in the SCS and the ENSO phenomenon. And the analysis of the Walker circulation anomaly shows that the Walker circulation anomaly has a good correlation with the ENSO phenomenon and the SSTA in the SCS. When the ENSO event occurs,the anomalous movement of the Walker circulation changes the SST in the SCS through "cloud-radiation feedback process". The Walker circulation acts as an "atmospheric bridge"during ENSO’s influence on the SSTA in the SCS.
引文
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[2]于慎余,周发琇,傅刚,等.南海表层水温低频振荡的基本特征[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(5):546-551.
[3]王卫强,王东晓,施平.南海大尺度动力场年循环和年际变化[J].热带海洋学报,2001,20(1):61-68.
[4]WU C,CHANG C J.Interannual variability of the South China Sea in a data assimilation model[J].Geophys Res Lett,2005,321(17):109-127.
[5]蔡榕硕,张启龙,齐庆华.南海表层水温场的时空特征与长期变化趋势[J].台湾海峡,2009,28(4):559-568.
[6]李芙蓉,焦梦梁.南海海表面温度年代际异常变化特征及其与PDO的联系[J].海洋通报,2012,31(4):384-390.
[7]朱秀华,王卫强,周伟东,等.南海海面温度的年际模态及其与季风强迫的关系[J].热带海洋学报,2003,22(4):42-50.
[8]曾强,张耀存.西南季风爆发前后南海SST变化特征及影响因子分析[J].热带气象学报,2008,24(1):44-50.
[9]LAU N C.The role of the"Atmospheric Bridge"in linking Tropical Pacific ENSO events to Extratropical SSTanomalies[J].J Climate,1996,9(9):2036-2057.
[10]KLEIN S A,SODEN B J,LAU N C.Remote Sea Surface Temperature Variations during ENSO:Evidence for a Tropical Atmospheric Bridge[J].J Climate,1999,12(4):917-932.
[11]刘秦玉,LIU Z Y,潘爱军.厄尔尼诺/南方涛动与赤道远西太平洋准两年周期振荡之间相互作用的概念模式[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(1):90-97.
[12]RAYNER N A,PARKER D E,HORTON E B,et al.Global analyses of sea surface temperature,sea ice,and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century[J].J Geophys Res:Atmos,2003,108(D14):4407.
[13]DEE D P,UPPALA S M,SIMMONS A J,et al.The ERA_Interim reanalysis:configuration and performance of the data assimilation system[J].Quart J Roy Meteor Soc,2011,137(656):553-597.
[14]ADLER R F,SAPIANO M R P,HUFFMAN G J,et al.The Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP)Monthly Analysis(New Version 2.3)and a Review of2017 Global Precipitation[J].Atmosphera,2018,9(4):138.
[15]XIE Z,DUAN A,TIAN Q.Weighted composite analysis and its application:an example using ENSO and geopotential height[J].Atmos Sci Lett,2017,18(11):435-440.
[16]NORTH G R,BELL T L,CAHALAN R F,et al.Sampling Errors in the Estimation of Empirical Orthogonal Functions[J].Mon Wea Rev,1982,110(7):699-706.
[17]宫晓庆.热带太平洋大气经圈和纬圈环流的年际及年代际变化[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[18]王树廷,王伯民.气象资料的整理和统计方法[M].北京:气象出版社,1984.
[19]WU R,KIRTMAN B P.Regimes of seasonal air-sea interaction and implications for performance of forced simulations[J].Climate Dyn,2007,29(4):393-410.
[20]杜美芳,徐海明,邓洁淳.基于CMIP5资料的热带太平洋和印度洋海温变化与降水变化的关系及其成因分析[J].大气科学学报,2015,38(6):742-752.
[21]ALEXANDER A M.The atmospheric bridge:The influence of ENSO teleconnections on air-sea interaction over the global oceans[J].J Climate,2001,15(16):2205-2231.
[22]LAU K M,YANG S.Climatology and interannual variability of the southeast asian summer monsoon[J].Adv Atmos Sci,1997,14(2):141-162.