摘要
供应链管理代表网络时代的管理方向,其思想方法能够反映现代造船模式及未来造船模式的需要,在造船业中将发挥越来越重大的作用。本文在分析造船供应链的结构和特点后得出:合作是供应链造船的关键,合作关系管理是造船供应链管理的核心。围绕造船供应链合作关系建立、运行和维护的三个阶段,论文依次进行如下六个方面的重点研究。
1.造船供应链合作伙伴选择:按照供应链管理的要求,结合造船行业的特点,设计了造船供应链合作伙伴的评价指标体系,提出了造船供应链合作伙伴的综合评价法。该方法区分了准则层评判和方案层评判的特性差异,吸取了AHP法和F-AHP法的优点,使得选择结果更为科学合理。
2.造船供应链合作内容协商:基于效用理论设计协商策略、协商方法和协商过程,并通过示例阐述合作内容协商的具体方法和步骤。
3.造船供应链合作进度协同:运用主从博弈模型设计造船供应链合作伙伴之间生产进度协同的机制,藉此促进造船供应链上下游节点企业的生产协同。
4.造船供应链合作风险防范:对造船供应链合作风险的危害、成因、类别及其防范措施进行了系统分析,将格鲁夫斯机制加以改进,并用改进的格鲁夫斯机制设计了一个防范道德风险的激励方案。
5.造船供应链合作利益分配:将造船供应链合作利益分配问题归结为N人合作对策问题,将Nash谈判集和改进的Shapley值结合起来,提出了一个合作利益分配方案。该分配方案有益于发挥合作伙伴的积极性,巩固合作伙伴关系。
6.造船供应链合作信誉维护:从供应商利益出发,运用博弈理论分析供应商和造船厂在不同合作时期的不同对策,进而得出惩罚和信任两类策略的适用情况:在合作初期,惩罚策略能够促使伙伴努力建立信誉;在合作过程中,信任策略能够激励伙伴不断提升信誉。
上述六个方面互相联系、互相影响,共同作用于造船供应链合作关系的建立、运行和维护。其中,伙伴选择和内容协商是合作关系建立的主要工作,进度协同和风险防范是合作关系运行的基本要求,利益分配、信誉维护是合作关系巩固的重要保障。
Supply Chain Management (SCM) represents trends of management evolution in contemporary network ages. It reflects characteristics of the Modern Shipbuilding Model (MSM) and satisfies requirements of Mass Customization Shipbuilding Model (MCSM). SCM will play an increasing important role in modern shipbuilding industry. The structures and characteristics of Shipbuilding Supply Chain (SSC) are analyzed and some conclusions are made in this thesis: Successful cooperation is crucial to application of SCM to shipbuilding and the cooperative relationship management is the core of SSCM. Based on the establishment, operation and maintenance of cooperative relationship, the following six problems are studied one by one.
Firstly, an evaluation index system of partner selection is put forward according to the features of shipbuilding industry and requirements of SSCM. The differences between criteria review and alternative review are recognized and a selection method that combines AHP with F-AHP is also proposed.
Secondly, based on Utility Theory, some useful models, strategies and procedures about cooperation negotiation are presented in the paper. Thirdly, the Stackelberg Model is used to design a mechanism to coordinate SSC partner’production plan. The mechanism can help partner adjust its schedule automatically according to the requirements of SSCM.
Fourthly, the author analyzes the causes, categories, results and preventive measures of cooperative risk of SSC. The Groves Mechanism is improved and applied to solve the risk problem of SSC.
Fifthly, the allocation of SSC cooperation profit can be transfered into N-game. A comprehensive profit allocation model is given which combines Nash Negotiation Model with modified Shapley Value.
Sixthly, in the view of supplier’s interests, the different strategies taking by supplier and shipyard respectively in different stages are analyzed with the Game Theory. The paper reaches some conclusions as following: Punishment policy is useful for a supplier to establish its prestige in the beginning of cooperation, and trust
引文
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