摘要
无线电能传输技术是当前输电领域中的尖端技术,代表了最前沿的技术理论和最新颖的创意思路,与有线输电方式相比,具有更强的灵活性和更高的安全性。本文研究的磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术与其它无线传输技术相比,属于更为新兴的技术,它填补了中距离较大功率无线能量传输技术的空白,拥有广阔的开发与应用前景。
本文首先介绍了几种常见的无线电能传输技术,对它们的传输方式、适用范围、发展历史和发展方向进行了综述。
然后,阐述了磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术涉及的电磁学近场理论和耦合模式理论,分析了谐振体的自谐振与耦合谐振的能量转换过程,对无线传输系统进行了数学建模,分析得到了影响传输效率的主要因素,并给出了该因素变化时对系统传输状态影响的示意图。
针对简单振荡电路效率低、谐波含量高、对无线电能传输干扰大等缺点,给出了无线电能传输系统功率变换器的设计方案。系统拓扑主要包括Boost功率因数校正电路、DC/DC变换器以及高频DC/AC逆变器三个部分。其中,Boost功率因数校正电路采用平均电流控制策略,有效抑制了谐波畸变；DC/DC变换器采用移相全桥零电压软开关控制技术,大大降低了开关损耗和电磁干扰；DC/AC逆变器可以通过调节外部给定改变开关管的占空比和工作频率,根据研究需求进行灵活地调整。详细阐述了功率变换器的软硬件设计思路,对主电路参数、采样检测电路以及驱动电路进行了设计,采用TI的DSP芯片TMS320F28335和Altera的CPLD芯片EPM3064A构成数字控制系统,并根据具体的控制策略对其进行了软件编程。
最后,建立了无线传输线圈的等效电路,对无线传输线圈的工作状态进行分析并得到了适合的工作频率范围,实现了基于磁耦合谐振式的无线电能传输,在此基础上通过一系列实验研究了传输距离、传输方向、传输电压、传输频率和线圈大小对无线传输特性的影响,为进一步应用于实际奠定了基础。
Wireless power transfer is a kind of advanced technology in the area of power transmission, which represents the most leading edge of theories and the latest ideas. Compared to power transfer with wires, it has the advantage of flexibility and safety. The wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances comes more recently in comparison with other wireless power transfer technologies. It fills the blank of wireless power transfer with higher power in middle range and has great potential and vast development prospects.
The paper introduces several wireless power transfer technologies including their transmission mode, transmission range, history of development and directions in future.
The coupled mode theory and near field theory which are involved in technology are stated. The process of power transformation of resonators'self-resonance and coupled resonance is analyzed in a mathematical form. The mathematical model for wireless power transfer system is developed. The major factor which affects the transmission efficiency mostly is achieved and the diagram which illustrates the influence of the factor to transmission status is given.
To improve the efficiency and reduce the harmonic of simple oscillating circuit, the power conversion circuit in the wireless power transfer system is introduced. It includes Boost PFC circuit, DC/DC converter and high frequency DC/AC inverter. Boost PFC circuit uses average current control strategy to suppress the harmonic. DC/DC converter uses phase-shifted ZVS full bridge control strategy to decrease the switching loss. DC/AC inverter can change the duty cycle and frequency through regulator to meet requirements of research. The'design of hardware and software for power conversion circuit is elaborated. The power circuit, sensors and driver circuit are designed. DSP and CPLD are used to constitute the digital control system. Software is programmed according to specific control strategy.
The equivalent diagram for the coil of wireless power transfer is proposed. The operation condition of coil is analyzed and the adaptive range of working frequency is achieved. After the design of transmission coils, wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances is accomplished. Several experiments are carried out to discuss the effects that the distance, direction, voltage, frequency and size of coil influence the characteristic of wireless power transfer. The research lays the foundation for further applications.
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