摘要
西番莲（Passiflora edulis）是我国重要的热带水果，西番莲果皮是西番莲果汁加工的主要副产物。本课题以西番莲果皮为研究对象，探索西番莲果皮中花色苷提取、分离工艺，并对其结构和抗氧化性进行研究，为西番莲果皮的高值化利用提供理论依据。研究结果如下：
比较不同测定方法结果表明，pH示差法在测定西番莲果皮花色苷含量时准确度高。
采用有机溶剂浸提法提取西番莲果皮花色苷，通过均匀试验确定西番莲果皮花色苷提取的最佳溶剂为86%乙醇（含0.054%盐酸，0.1%柠檬酸）。通过三元二次正交旋转组合试验和多项式回归分析，建立西番莲果皮花色苷提取量回归模型，得到响应面最优条件，并根据生产实际情况调整为提取温度30℃，时间110min，料液比1:37。在此条件下西番莲果皮花色苷的提取率为0.395mg/g。
通过静态吸附解析筛选适合西番莲果皮色素纯化的大孔树脂，并进行静态、动态吸附解析工艺条件优化。结果表明：在供试树脂中，HP-20大孔树脂为西番莲果皮色素纯化最适的吸附剂，其静态吸附最优条件为温度40℃，pH4.0；洗脱液90%酸化乙醇(pH3.5)可得最佳洗脱效果；动态吸附解析最适工艺条件为：上样液流速4.5BV/h，上样液浓度为18.176μg/mL，洗脱剂用量6BV，洗脱速度3BV/h。
经系列柱层析（HP-20大孔树脂、聚酰胺、LH-20葡聚糖凝胶），从西番莲果皮中分离出三种花色苷单体，经HPLC-MS分析鉴定，初步推断这三种花色苷为：矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷，牵牛花色素-3-葡萄糖苷，锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷。
西番莲果皮花色苷抗氧化活性研究结果表明，西番莲果皮花色苷具有抗氧化活性，其总抗氧化能力为804.1U/mg，其清除超氧阴离子能力为51.9U/mg，清除-OH能力为14400U/mg，对DPPH自由基抑制率为86.5%。
Passiflora edulis is an important kind of tropical fruits in china. Passiflora edulisskin is the main by-product of the juice industry. In this paper, extraction, purification,identification and antioxidation effect of Passiflora edulis skin pigment (PESP) werestudied. The result provided scientific basis for the further exploitation. The resultsare as follows:
Comparing different testing methods, the results showed that pH-differentialspectrophotometry has high accuracy in the determination of anthocyanin content.
Solvent extraction method was used to extract PESP. Among the UniformExperimental Design,86%aqueous ethanol containing0.054%HCl and0.1%citricacid was the best extraction solvent. Through the design of quadratic rotationalcombination test and multiple regression analysis, the regression model related toextraction yield of PESP indicated that the optimized condition of the responsesurface model (RSM) was adjusted as30℃,110min,1:37to practicalproduction.Under this condition，the extraction rate of PESP was0.395mg/g.
In order to determine the optimum macroporous resin and condition forpurifying pigments extracted from Passiflora edulis skin， the adsorption anddesorption properties of different resins were studied. The results showed thatmacroporous resin HP-20is favorable in purification of the PESP：the optimumcondition of static adsorption was40℃，pH4.0, and the best desorption solvent was90%ethonal(pH3.5).The optimizd parameters of dynamic adsorption desorption werechosen as follow: velocity of pigment solution flow4.5BV/h, pigment solution18.176μg/mL,the volume and velocity of desorption solvent6BV,3BV/h.
After a series of column chromatography separation， including HP-20macroporous resin, polyamide and sephadex LH-20, main three types of anthocyaninmomomer were tentatively identified by the method of HPLC-MS. The three mainanthocynins may be cyaniding-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside andMalvidin-3-glucoside.
The antioxidation ability of PESP was studied. The result showed that totalantioxidation ability of PESP was804.1U/mg, scavenging superoxide anion ability ofPESP was51.9U/mg, scavenging hydroxyl radical ability of PESP was14400U/mg，scavenging DPPH radical ability of PESP was86.5%.
引文
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