摘要
研究目的:
本研究通过选用不同的跳跃动作,分析在穿着高、低帮篮球鞋时下肢踝关节变化角度和受力情况及踝关节刚度,踝、膝关节输出功率等参数的变化规律,探讨高低帮篮球鞋对受试者下肢运动学和动力学影响异同,以及对受试者运动表现的相关作用。
本次研究拟为篮球运动装备的研发提供一定的设计理念和数据支持,并能进一步为提高篮球运动水平做出相应的贡献。
研究方法:
本次研究选取12名受试者自愿参加本实验。整个实验由两个小实验组成,分别为踝关节活动度(Range Of Motion, ROM)实验和跳跃动作实验。
首先受试者按要求分别穿着高、低帮专项篮球运动鞋进行准静态踝关节活动度实验。
完成静态踝关节活动度实验之后,受试者按要求分别穿着高、低帮专项篮球运动鞋完成跳深(Drop Jump,DJ)和上篮单腿起跳(Lay Up,LU)两个不同的跳跃动作,起跳腿均位于测力台上。采用Vicon人体运动捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台同步采集运动学和动力学数据。动作数据采集从受试者优势腿蹬踏测力台前开始至起跳腿离开测力台腾空结束。每个测试采集动作符合要求的完整过程3次。用V3D软件依据逆向动力学原理计算踝关节力矩,并通过踝关节力矩得到踝关节输出功率。运动学主要选取踝关节屈伸(跖屈-背屈)角度、角度变化量;动力学选取的参数为峰值、峰值出现的时间、踝关节关节刚度及踝关节输出功率。
此次研究将所有动作的触地时刻通过测力台确定为0时刻,整个触地时间作为100%进行插值。每名受试者动力学和能量学数据通过受试者体重进行标准化处理。所有数据通过导入V3D软件进行建模处理,得到的初步处理参数均通过Excel2003软件进行计算处理得到所需的各项完成参数。所有数据均用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析,统计方法为配对样本T检验。显著性水平为α=0.05。
研究结果:
1)高帮鞋能显著降低踝关节屈伸角度。(p<0.05)
2)在跳深动作中,高帮鞋较低帮鞋有降低踝关节屈伸的趋势;同样在上篮单腿起跳动作中,高帮鞋较低帮鞋降低踝关节屈伸的趋势,但是这些趋势都没有显著性差异。
3)在跳深动作中,高帮鞋踝关节关键刚度较低帮鞋显著增高。(p<0.05)
4)在上篮单腿起跳中,低帮鞋较高帮鞋跖屈力矩峰值显著增大,踝关节输出功率(蹬伸期)低帮鞋也较高帮鞋有显著增大。(p<0.05)
研究结论:
1)穿着高帮鞋能显著限制准静态条件下的踝关节屈伸活动度;
2)在跳跃动作中,穿着高帮鞋仍影响踝关节屈伸活动度的趋势,但是在运动学上表现不明显;
3)穿着高帮鞋在上篮单腿跳动作中产生的踝关节跖屈力矩峰值显著较低帮鞋小;穿着高帮鞋在上篮单腿跳动作中产生的蹬伸期踝关节输出功率峰值显著小于低帮鞋。这也就说明穿着高帮鞋在影响踝关节跖屈时,一定程度上影响了运动表现;
4)穿着高帮鞋在跳深动作中的踝关节刚度显著较穿着低帮鞋组大;这可能是由于高帮鞋影响了踝关节屈伸所引起。
Objective:
To investigate amount of dorsi-flexion, joint moment, joint stiffness of ankle, joint power of ankle and knee, jump performance of different jump strategies in high-top and low-top basketball shoes.
Methods:
Twelve male subjects participated in this study voluntarily. Subjects were instructed to perform two different jump strategies. All subjects were requested take off in a force plate, use Vicon motion-capture system and force plate to capture kinematics and kinetics data. Statistical testing was performed using SPSS 17.0, processed paired sample t-test. All significance levels were set at p=0.05.
Results:
1) High-top basketball shoe could reduce ankle range of motion (ROM) in a static ankle ROM test compared with low-top shoe.(p<0.01)
2) In drop jump and lay up, high-top shoe trend to limit ankle dorsi-flexion than low-top shoe, but there was no significant difference.
3) In drop jump, high-top shoe increased ankle stiffness than low-top shoe. (p<0.05)
4) In lay up, high-top shoe decreased ankle dorsi-flexion moment and ankle joint power than low-top shoe. (p<0.05)
Conclusion:
1) High-top shoe could limit ankle dorsi-flexion than low-top shoe.
2) High-top shoe could increased ankle stiffness compared with low-top shoe in drop jump.
3) It appeared that high-top shoe could decreased the maximum ankle power (in take off period) that might influence jump performance.
引文
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