摘要
本研究通过对23名上海体育学院运动训练与体育教育专业学生在8个不同高度落地缓冲实验，分析人体所受的地面反作用力和踝、膝、髋关节处的关节内力、关节肌力矩的变化特征，寻找在不同高度落地缓冲实验中人体下肢刚度的变化情况。
在实验中，使用自制翻板使得人体垂直落地；利用Vicon红外高速摄像系统与三维测力台同步采集数据；应用魏文仪教授编写的上海体育学院生物力学实验室人体运动图像分析软件(SBCAS)、VICON-SBCAS软件Visual3D软件对受试者数据进行处理与分析；最终数据结果应用SPSS13.0统计软件进行独立样本T检验和相关性分析(显著性水平为P＜0.05)。
结果如下：人体在从不同高度垂直落地时，地面反作用力的曲线特征主要呈现“山”形三波峰。地面反作用力第一、二波峰出现的时间与垂直落地的高度变化不存在相关性；地面反作用力第一、二波峰峰值的大小与垂直落地高度存在高度正线性相关性；地面反作用力第一波峰在踝、膝、髋关节处传递效率较高，而第二波峰则有较大衰减；踝、膝、关节力矩第一、二波峰峰值与垂直落地高度呈显著相关，并且存在显著差异；人体下肢刚度值与垂直落地高度存在显著负线性相关；根据地面反作用力峰值可以较为准确的推断出关节内力与肌力矩的峰。
The research analyzes variation features between ground reaction forces of people enduring and joint reaction force and torque of joint on the ankle and knee and hip, and search changes of people's lower extremity stiffness under 8 different height landing and buffering experiences. The objectives of experiences are 23 students in Shanghai Physical Education College whose major are sports training and physical education.
During research, we use self-made board to make people touch the ground vertically, and utilize infrared ray high speed photographic recording and three dimensions measurement force platform to collect datum, and make use of SBCAS which professor wenyi wei writes in Shanghai Physical Education College and the software of VICON-SBCAS2 and the software of Visual3D to deal with and analyze subjects' datum, and use Correspondence Analysis and One-Sample T Test in SPSS13.0 to analyze final datum (significance level: p<0.05) .
The results are as follows: when people touch the ground vertically in different height, the curve line feature of ground reaction forces likes the shape of mountain of three fluctuation peak; the time of the first and second peak of ground reaction forces don't correspond with the different height of vertical touching ground; the high positive linear correspondence is between the value of the first and second peak of ground reaction forces and the height of vertical touching ground; ankle and knee and hip can transmit ground reaction forces high efficiently in the first peak but the second peak reduce significantly; the value of first and second peak on the ankle and knee and torque of joint correspond with the different height of vertical touching ground significantly and exist significant variance; the significant negative linear correspondence is between the value of people's lower extremity stiffness and the height of the vertical touching ground; according to the value of ground reaction forces, we can deduce the value of joint reaction force and torque of joint.
引文
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