摘要
本试验用实时荧光定量PCR的方法研究了生长较慢的蛋鸡狼山鸡(LS)和生长相对较快的肉鸡AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期生长轴、甲状腺轴和肾上腺轴有关基因的表达变化规律。所检测的组织包括下丘脑、垂体、肝脏、胸肌和骺软骨。营养物质可以直接或间接地作用于生长调控因子来调节生长,因此在我们的试验设计中,用营养成分含量较高的AA鸡的标准饲料饲喂AA鸡(组别以AA来表示,并以此组别作为对照组),而对狼山鸡则分别饲喂两种饲料,即营养成分含量较低的狼山鸡标准饲料(组别以LL来表示)和AA鸡标准饲料(组别以LA表示)。为了评估饲料对LL,LA和AA三个组别有关基因在出生后整体水平上mRNA表达的品种差异的影响,我们把组别和时期作为固定因素,用一般线性模型(General Linear Models,GLM)进行了数据分析。本研究首次系统分析了三条轴上五种组织中有关基因在鸡胚胎和出生后在转录水平上的变化规律,并且发现了某些基因的表达在特定的时期是相关的,狼山鸡和AA鸡在相同的AA鸡标准饲料喂养条件下某些基因的表达差异消失了。本研究结果为研究鸡某些基因在特定时期的相互调控机理在分子水平上提供了依据,同时发现从营养和某些基因型的互作效应上对鸡进行分子育种将会大大的提高鸡的选育效果,这将在鸡的生产应用中起到重大作用。
1.狼山鸡和AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期生长轴、甲状腺轴、肾上腺轴有关基因的表达
本研究揭示了垂体中的生长激素(GH)和肝脏中的生长激素受体(GHR)mRNA的表达趋势在出生后第28天(P28)到P42期间是相反的,而肝脏中的胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和IGF-Ⅰ的受体(IGF-IR)mRNA的表达在P0-P28期间是相反的。肝脏中IGF-Ⅰ在P0-28期间对GH/IGF调控轴起着重要的作用。垂体中GH释放激素(GHRH)受体(GHRHR)在P0-28期间起着自分泌或旁分泌的功能,下丘脑中的生长激素促分泌物质受体的内源性配体ghrelin可能在胚胎时期第8天(E8)到P28期间通过刺激肝脏中的IGF-Ⅰ来影响生长。下丘脑中的ghrelin可能在P0-28期间与其中的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素CRH相互作用。肝脏中IGF结合蛋白(IGFBP)2在P0-42期间通过调节IGF-Ⅱ的生物活性来调节生长。肝脏中的IGFBP-5是一个重要的IGF介导物。我们发现下丘脑中的GHRH(分别在E10-16和P0-42之间),生长抑素(SS,P0-28),促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH,E10-16和P0-28),ghrelin(P0-42)和垂体中的GH在特定时期是共表达的,而下丘脑中的SS(P0-28),CRH(P0-42),TRH(E10-E18和P0-42)和促甲状腺激素β亚基(TSHβ)在特定的时期是共表达的。GLM分析显示LL组别垂体GH,下丘脑SS,Ghrelin和肝脏IGF-IR的mRNA水平比AA组别的高,而在体重,肝脏中IGF-Ⅰ和GHR的mRNA水平上的比较则正好相反。通过比较狼山鸡和AA鸡在饲喂同一种含营养成分高的AA鸡饲料时各基因表达,我们发现垂体中的GH,下丘脑中的SS,grelin,肝脏中的IGF-Ⅰ,GHR在两品种中的表达差异消失了,而体重和肝脏中的IGF-IR mRNA水平在两品种中依然存在显著差异。本研究揭示了在生长轴、甲状腺轴和肾上腺轴中某些基因在特定时期在转录水平上的表达是相关的,并且发现下丘脑、垂体和肝脏中某些基因在品种间的表达差异是受营养因素调控影响的。
2.狼山鸡和AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期胸肌中胰岛素类生长因子系统基因的表达
本研究分析了营养因素对鸡胸肌中胰岛素类生长因子系统基因的影响。结果显示IGF-Ⅱ(E16-P42),IGF-IR(E18-P42),IGFBP-2(E18-P42),-5(E16-P14),-7(E12-P0),-3(E12-P0)与IGF-Ⅰ在特定时期的mRNA表达成正相关,而IGFBP-3与IGF-Ⅰ在P0-28时期成负相关。IGF-IR(E18-P42),IGFBP-2(E18-P42),-5(E14-P0),-3(E16-P0)与IGF-Ⅱ在特定时期成正相关,而IGF-IR(E10-E16),IGFBP-3(P0-P28)与IGF-Ⅱ在特定时期成负相关。另外,IGFBP-2(E16-P42),-7(E10-E16),-3(E10-E16)与IGF-IR在特定时期成正相关,而IGFBP-3与IGF-IR在P0-P28时期成负相关。最后,IGFBP-7与IGFBP-3在E12-P0时期成正相关,而IGFBP-2(P0-P28),-7(P0-P42)与IGFBP-3在相应时期成负相关。总体上,两种鸡在各自饲喂各自标准饲料的情况下,AA组别的鸡IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-IR和IGFBP-2 mRNA的表达水平比LL组别的高,而IGFBP-7的表达水平在两组间则正好相反。两种鸡在同一种饲料饲喂下,LA和AA组别IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-IR和IGFBP-7的表达差异消失了,而IGFBP-2的表达差异依然显著。狼山鸡在两种不同饲料饲喂情况下,LA组别的鸡在IGFBP-2 mRNA的表达上比LL组别的鸡高,而IGFBP-7的表达在两组比较上则正好相反。本研究首次在胸肌上发现某些胰岛素样生长因子在特定时期的mRNA表达是相关的,并且某些基因在品种表达的差异上是由于受营养因素控制的。
3.狼山鸡和AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期骺软骨中胰岛素类生长因子系统基因的表达
本试验首次在狼山鸡和AA鸡胚胎时期和出生早期骺软骨中胰岛素类生长因子系统基因进行了研究。研究结果发现IGFBP-2与IGF-Ⅰ(E14-P0),IGF-Ⅱ(E14-P14)在相应时期mRNA表达成正相关,而与IGF-Ⅰ(P0-P42),IGF-Ⅱ(P14-P42)在相应时期成负相关。IGFBP-5与IGF-Ⅰ在E14-P0时期mRNA表达成正相关,而在P0-28之间成负相关。IGFBP-7和IGF-Ⅱ在P0-P42期间表达模式相反。我们发现IGFBP-3(E14-E18,P14-P42)和IGF-IR,IGFBP-3(E14-P0,P14-P42)和IGF-Ⅰ在相应时期mRNA表达成平行表达模式。内分泌调控因子与营养相互作用可以调控动物的生长。GLM分析显示AA组别IGF-Ⅰ,IGFBP-2和IGFBP-3 mRNA的水平比LL组别的高,而在IGF-Ⅱ和IGFBP-7 mRNA表达水平上的比较则正好相反。狼山鸡和AA鸡在饲喂同一种AA鸡标准饲料的情况下,在IGF-Ⅰ,IGFBP-2,IGFBP-7和IGFBP-3的转录水平的表达上差异变得不显著了,而在IGF-Ⅱ的表达上差异依然显著。我们的研究可以帮助提高鸡的分子育种。
We investigated changes in mRNA expression of the somatotropic,thyrotropic,and corticotropic axes from slower growing Langshan(LS) layer and more rapidly growing Arbor Acres(AA) broiler chickens during embryonic and postnatal development.Real time RT-PCR was used to quantify the level of transcription in the hypothalamus,pituitary,liver, breast muscle and epiphyseal cartilage.Nutrient availability may control body growth directly and indirectly through its influence on regulatory factors.Moreover,AA chickens were fed a nutrient-rich AA diet(AA,as a control group) and LS chickens were fed either a less-nutritious LS diet(LL) or the AA diet(LA).For evaluating the effects of the diet on gene expression in general at the postnatal day 14(P14),P28 and P42 of LL,LA and AA groups chickens,the General Linear Models(GLM) procedure(with developmental age and strain as fixed factors) of SPSS software was used to analyze the effects of nutrient availability on the strain difference between LL,LA and AA.Our data show the first evidence that certain genes may be correlated during specific developmental periods and that strain differences in the expression of those genes in LS and AA chickens are due to differential responses to the same AA diet.These findings may help improve the molecular breeding of chickens.
1.Expression of genes involved in the somatotropie,thyrotropic,and corticotropic axes during development of Langshan and Arbor Acres Chickens
We found an inverse expression profile between pituitary growth hormone(GH) and hepatic GH receptor(GHR) mRNA(postnatal day 28[P28]-42),insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-Ⅰand IGF-IR(P0-42),respectively.Hepatic IGF-Ⅰwas a major point of control in the GH/IGF axis during P0-P28.Pituitary GH-releasing hormone(GHRH) receptor(GHRHR) may serve an autocrine/paracrine function during P0-28,and hypothalamic ghrelin may affect growth by stimulating the release of hepatic IGF-Ⅰduring embryonic day 8(E8)-P28. Hypothalamic ghrelin might interact with ccorticotrophin-releasing hormone(CRH) during P0-P28.Hepatic IGF binding protein(IGFBP)-2 regulated growth by regulating hepatic IGF-Ⅱbioavailability during P0-P42.Hepatic IGFBP-5 was an important IGF mediator.A co-expression profile was found between hypothalamic GHRH(E10-E16 and P0-P42), somatostatin(SS;P0-P28),thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH;E10-E16 and P0-P28), ghrelin(P0-P42),and pituitary GH mRNA,hypothalamic SS(P0-P28),CRH(P0-P42), TRH(E10-E18 and P0-P42),and TSHβmRNA,respectively.GLM analysis revealed that LL chickens expressed significantly higher levels of pituitary GH,hypothalamic SS, Ghrelin,and hepatic IGF-IR mRNA than AA chicken while the opposite was true for BW, hepatic IGF-Ⅰand GHR mRNA,although strain differences on some age group were not statistically significant When comparing LS and AA chickens under the same AA diet containing higher nutrient compositions,strain differences in pituitary GH,hypothalamic SS,Ghrelin,hepatic IGF-Ⅰand GHR mRNA disappeared,while strain differences in body weight(BW) and hepatic IGF-IR mRNA still existed,which provide the new nutrient data for the application of chickens molecular breeding.Our data indicates the selected genes may be parallel expression in certain periods and strain differences in genes expression respond to nutrition differently in the hypothalamus,pituitary and liver from LS and AA chickens.
2.Investigation of the insulin-like growth factor system in breast muscle during development in Langshan and Arbor Acres chickens
We analyzed the effects of nutrient availability on the breast muscle insulin-like growth factor system.According to our results,IGF-Ⅱ(E16-P42),IGF-IR(E18-P42),and IGFBP-2 (E18-P42),-5(E16-P14),-7(E12-P0),and-3(E12-P0) were positively correlated with IGF-Ⅰ,while IGFBP-3(P0-P28) was negatively correlated with IGF-Ⅰ.In comparison, IGF-IR(E18-P42),IGFBP-2(E18-P42),-5(E14-P0),and -3(E16-P0) were positively correlated with IGF-Ⅱ,while IGF-IR(E10-E16) and IGFBP-3(P0-P28) were negatively correlated with IGF-Ⅱ.Moreover,IGFBP-2(E16-P42),-7(E10-E16),and -3(E10-E16) were positively correlated with IGF-IR,while IGFBP-3(P0-P28) was negatively correlated with IGF-IR.Finally,IGFBP-7(E12-P0) was positively correlated with IGFBP-3,while IGFBP-2(P0-P28) and -7(P0-P42) were negatively correlated with IGFBP-3.Overall,the AA chickens exhibited higher levels of IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-IR,and IGFBP-2 mRNA expression than the LL chickens,while the opposite was true for IGFBP-7.No strain differences in IGF-Ⅰ,IGF-IR,and IGFBP-7 mRNA expression were detected any more between LA and AA chickens;however,a strain difference was still observed for IGFBP-2.LA chickens exhibited higher levels of IGFBP-2 than LL chickens,while the opposite was true for IGFBP-7.Our data show the first evidence that certain IGF system genes may be correlated during specific developmental periods and that strain differences in the expression of those genes in LS and AA chickens are due to differential responses to the same diet in the breast muscle.
3.Role of the insulin-like growth factor system in epiphyseal cartilage on the development of Langshan and Arbor Acres chickens Gallus domesticus
We measured the mRNA transcript expression patterns for members of the insulin-like growth factor(IGF) system during embryonic and postnatal development in epiphyseal cartilage from LS and AA chickens Gallus domesticus.IGFBP-2 expression was positively correlated with expression of IGF-Ⅰfrom E14 to P0 and with IGF-Ⅱfrom E14-F14 but negatively correlated with IGF-Ⅰfrom P0-P42 and IGF-Ⅱfrom P14-P42.Expression of IGFBP-5 correlated positively with the expression of IGF-Ⅰfrom E14-P0 but negatively from P0-P28.The results suggest that these IGF axis genes are regulated in a coordinated fashion during development.An inverse expression profile was found between IGFBP-7 and IGF-Ⅱduring P0-P42.A co-expression profile was found between IGFBP-3(E14-E18, P14-P42) and IGF-IR,and between IGFBP-3(E14-P0,P 14-P42) and IGF-Ⅰ.The endocrine factors can be integrated with nutrition to regulate animal growth.In our study,AA chickens were fed a nutrient-rich AA diet,and LS chickens were fed either an AA diet(LA) or a less-rich diet(LL).GLM analysis revealed that IGF-Ⅰ,IGFBP-2,and IGFBP-3 mRNA expression was higher in AA chickens than in LL chickens,while the opposite was true for IGF-Ⅱand IGFBP-7,although the strain differences in some age groups were not significant.LS and AA chickens fed the same AA diet showed no differences any more in IGF-Ⅰ,IGFBP-2,IGFBP-7,and IGFBP-3 transcription,but did still show differences in IGF-ⅡmRNA expression.These findings may help to improve the molecular breeding of chickens.
引文
Berelowitz M,Szabo M,Frohman L A,et al.Somatomedin-C mediates growth hormone negative feedback by effects on both the hypothalamus and the pituitary[J].Science,1981,212:1279-81.
Berghman L R,Darras V M,Chiasson R B,et al.Immunocytochemical demonstration of chicken hypophyseal thyrotropes and development of a radioimmunological indicator for chicken TSH using monoclonal and polyclonal homologous antibodies in a subtractive strategy[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1993,92:189-200.
Berghman L R,Darras V M,et al.Immunocytochemical demonstration of chicken hypophyseal thyrotropes and development of a radioimmunological indicator for chicken TSH using monoclonal an polyclonal homologous antibodies in a subtractive strategy[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1993,92:189-200.
Bolton N,Chadwick A,Scanes C G.The effect of thyrotrophin releasing factor on the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin from the chicken anterior pituitary gland[J].J Physiol,1974,238:78P-9P.
Carsia R V,Weber H,Perez Jr F M.Corticotropin-releasing factor stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropin from domestic fowl pituitary cells[J].Endocrinology,1986,118:143-8.
Darras V M,Finn'e M-F,Berghman L R,et al.Ontogeny of the sensitivity of the somatotrophes to thyrotrophin(TRH) and growth hormone-releasing factor(GFR) in the embryonic and post-hatch chick[J].Ann d'Endocrinol(Paris),1994,55:255-60.
Darras V M,Huybrechts L M,Berghman L,et al.Ontogeny of the effect of purified chicken growth hormone on the liver 5_-monodeiodination activity in the chicken:reversal of the activity after hatching[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1990,77:212-20.
De Groef B,Geris K L,Manzano J,et al.Involvement of thyrotropinreleasing hormone receptor,somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 in the control of chicken thyrotropin secretion[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,2003,203:33-9.
De Groef B,Goris N,Arckens L,et al.Corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)-induced thyrotropin release is directly mediated through CRH receptor type 2 on thyrotropes[J].Endocrinology,2003,144:5537-44.
De Groef B,Grommen S V H,Mertens I,et al.Cloning and tissue distribution of the chicken type 2corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,2004,138:89-95.
Geelissen S M E,Beck I M E,Darras V M,et al.Distribution and regulation of chicken growth hormone secretagogue receptor isoforms[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,2003,134:167-74.
Geris K L,Berghman L R,K(u|¨)hn E R,et al.Pre-and post-hatch developmental changes in hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone and somatostatin concentrations and in circulating growth hormone and thyrotropin levels in the chicken[J].J Endocrinol,1998,159:219-25.
Geris K L,D'Hondt E,K(u|¨)hn E R,et al.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in different regions of the chicken brain[J].Brain Res,1999,818:260-6.
Geris K L,De Groef B,Rohrer S P,et al.Identification of somatostatin receptors controlling growth hormone and thyrotropin secretion in the chicken using receptor subtype-specific agonists[J].J Endocrinol,2003,177:279-86.
Geris K L,Hickey G J,Vanderghote A,et al.Synthetic growth hormone secretagogues control growth hormone secretion in the chicken at pituitary and hypothalamic levels[j].Endocr Rev,2001,14:67-72.
Geris K L,Kotanen S P,Berghman L R,et al.Evidence of a thyrotropin-releasing activity of ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor in de domestic fowl(Gallus domesticus)[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1996,104:139-46.
Harvey S,Davison T F,Chadwick A.Ontogeny of growth hormone and prolactin secretion in the domestic fowl(Gallus domesticus)[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1979,39:270-3.
Harvey S,Fraser R A,Lea R W.Growth hormone secretion in poultry[J].Crit Rev Poult Biol,1991, 3:239-82.
Harvey S.Hypophysiotrophic control of growth hormone secretion and its feedback regulation:an update[J].J Endocrinol(Bristol),1993:11-28.
Huybrechts L M,Decuypere E,Scanes C G,et al.Human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor stimulates growth hormone secretion in perinatal dwarf and control chickens[J].Horm Met Res,1985,17:690-1.
Huybrechts L M,Michielsen R,Darras V M,et al.Effect of the sex-linked dwarf gene on thyrotrophic and somatotrophic axes in the chick embryo[J].Reprod Nutr Dev,1989,29:219-26.
Josza R,Vigh S,Mess B,et al.Ontogenetic development of corticotrophin-releasing factor(CRF)-containing neural elements in the brain of the chicken during incubation and after hatching[J].Cell Tissue Res,1986,244:681-5.
Jackson I M D,Reichlin S.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH) distribution in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain tissues of mammalian and submammalian chordates[J].Endocrinology,1974,95:854-62.
Josza R,Scanes C G,Vigh S,et al.Functional differentiation of the embryonic chicken pituitary gland studied by immunohistological approach[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1979,39:158-63.
K(u|¨)hn E R,Berghman L R,Moons L,et al.Hypothalamic and peripheral control of thyroid function during the life cycle of the chicken[J].J Endocrinol(Bristol),1993:29-46.
K(u|¨)hn E R,Decuypere E,Iqbal A,et al.Thyrotropic and peripheral activities of thyrotrophin and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the chick embryo and aduR chicken[y].Horm Metabol Res,1988,20:158-62.
K(u|¨)hn E R,Herremans M,Dewil E,et al.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH) is not thyrotropic but somatotropic in fed and starved adult chickens[J].Reprod Nutr Dev,1991,31:431-9.
K(u|¨)hn E R,Huybrechts L M,Darras V M,et al.Impaired peripheral T3 production but normal induced thyroid hormone secretion in the sex-linked dwarf chick embryo[J].Reprod Nutr Dev,1990,30:193-201.
K(u|¨)hn E R,Vanderpooten L M,Huybrechts L M,et al.Hypothalamic hormones that release growth hormone stimulate hepatic 5-monodeiodination activity in the chick embryo[J].J Endocr,1988,118:233-6.
K(u|¨)hn E R.Role of growth hormone in thyroid function of vertebrates[J].Academiae Analecta,1993,55:3-13.
Kaiya H,Van der Geyten S,Kojima M,et al.Chicken ghrelin:purification,cDNA cloning,and biological activity[J].Endocrinology,2002,143:3454-63.
Kawasaki D,Aotsuka T,Higashinakagawa T,et al.Cloning of the gene for the thyrotropin β subunit in the Japanese crested ibis,Nipponia ortic[J].Zool Sci,2003,20:203-10.
Kojima M,Hosoda H,Date Y,et al.Ghrelin is a growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach[J].Nature,1999,402:656-60.
McKee K K,Palyka O C,Feighner S D,et al.Molecular cloning and characterization of a rat pituitary growth hormone secretagogue receptor[J].Mol Endocrinol,1997,11:415-23.
McRory J E,Parker R L,Sherwood N M.Expression and alternative processing of a chicken gone encoding both growth hormone-releasing hormone and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide[J].DNA Cell Biol,1997,16:95-102.
Meeuwis R,Michielsen R,Decuypere E,et al.Thyrotropic activity of the ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor in the chick embryo[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1989,76:357-63.
Michels H,Decuypere A,Huybrechts L,et al.Endocrinological effects of the sex-linked dwarf gene.Ⅳ.TRH sensitivity during growth[C]//Seventh European poultry conference,vol.2,1986:970-4.
Miller T L,Godfrey P A,DeAlmeida V I,et al.The rat growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene:structure,regulation and generation of receptors isoforms with different signaling properties[J].Endocrinology,1999,140:4152-65.
Nagaya N,Miyatake K,Uematsu M,et al.Hemodynamic,renal and hormonal effects of ghrelin infusion in patients with chonic heart failure[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2001,86:5854-9.
Scanes C G,Harvey S.Triiodothyronine inhibition of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and growth hormonereleasing factor-induced growth hormone secretion in anaesthetized chickens[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1989,73:477-84.
Scanes C G,Proudman J A,Radecki S V.Influence of continuous growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor I administration in adult female chickens[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1999,114:315-23.
Shuto Y,Shibasaki T,Wada K,et al.Generation of polyclonal antiserum against the growth hormone secretagogue receptor(GHS-R):evidence that the GHS-R exists in the hypothalamus,pituitary and stomach of rats[J].Life Sci,2001,68:991-6.
Spencer G S G,Harvey S,Audsley A R S,et al.The effect of immunization against somatostatin on growth rates and growth hormone secretion in the chicken[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1986,85A:553-6.
Steinfelder H J,Hauser P,Nakayama Y,et al.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone regulation of human TSHβ expression:role of a pituitary-specific transcription factor(Pit-1/GHF-1) and potential interaction with a thyroid hormone-inhibitory element[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1991,88:3130-4.
Thommes R C,Martens J B,Hopkins W E,et al.Hypothalamoadeno-hypophyseal-thyroid interrelationships in the chick embryo.Ⅳ.Immunocytochemical demonstration of TSH in the hypophyseal pars distalis[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1983,51:434-43.
Tulipano G,Bonfanti C,Milani G,et al.Differential inhibition of growth hormone secretion by analogues selective for somatustatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5 in human growthhormone-secreting adenoma cells in vitro[J].Neuroendocrinology,2001,73:344-51.
Vale W,Rivier C,Brazeau P,et al.Effects of somatostatin on the secretion of thyrotropin and prolactin[J].Endocrinology,1974,95:968-77.
Vale W,Spiess J,Rivier C,et al.Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotrophin and endorphin[J].Science,1981,213:1394-7.
Vasilatos-Younken R,Zhou Y,Wang X,et al.Altered chicken thyroid hormone metabolism with chronic GH enhancement in vivo:consequences for skeletal muscle growth[J].J Endocrinol,2000,166:609-20.
Wada R,Sakata I,Kaiya H,et al.Existence of ghrelin-immunopositive and-expressing cells in the proventriculus of the hatching and adult chicken[J].Regul Pept,2003,111:123-8.
Wondisford F E,Steinfelder H J,Nations M,et al.AP-1 antagonizes thyroid hormone receptor action on the thyrotropin beta-subunit gene[J].J Biol Chem,1993,268:2749-54.
Yamada Y,Post S R,Wang K,et al.Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain,gastrointestinal tract,and kidney[J].PNAS,1992,89:251-5. affect bone IGF-I levels(Watkins et al.,1996).
Akaogi K,Okabe Y,Funahashi K,et al.Cell adhesion activity of a 30-kDa major secreted protein from human bladder carcinoma cells[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1994,198:1046-1053.
Akangi K,Sato J,Okabe Y,et al.Synergistic growth stimulation of mouse fibroblasts by tumor-derived adhesion factor with insulin-like growth factors and insulin[J].Cell Growth Differ,1996,7:1671-1677.
Andress D.Heparin modulates the binding of insulin-like growth factor(IGF) binding protein-5 to a membrane protein in osteoblastic cells[J].J Biol Chem,1995,270:28289-28296.
Andress D U Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5(IGFBP-5) stimulates phosphorylation of the IGFBP-5 receptor[J].American Journal of Physiology,1998,274:E744-E750.
Andress D L,Bimbaum R S.A novel human insulin-like growth factor binding protein secreted by osteoblast cells[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1991,176:213-218.
Andress D L,Bimbaum R S.Human osteoblast-derived insulin-like growth factor(IGF1 binding protein-5stimulates osteoblast mitogenesis and potentiates IGF action[J].J Biol Chem,1992,267:22467-22472.
Bacon W L,Long D W,Vasilatos-Younken R.Responses to exogenous pulsatile turkey growth hormone by growing 8-week-old female turkeys[J].Comp Biochem Physiol 111,1995,B:471-482.
Baker J,Liu J P,Robertson E J,et al.,Role of insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and postnatal growth[J].Cell,1993,75:73-82.
Ballard F J,Johnson R J,Owens P C,et al.Chicken insulinlike growth factor-Ⅰ:Amino acid sequence,radioimmunoassay,and plasma levels between strains and during growth[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1990,79:459-468.
Bar R S,Bootb B A,Bowes M,et al.Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins from cultured endothelial cells:purification,characterization,and intrinsic biologic activities[J].Endocrinology,1989,125:1910-1920.
Bassas L,DePablo F,Lesniak M A,et al.Ontogeny of receptors for insulin-like peptides in chick embryo tissues:Early dominance of insulin-like growth factor over insulin receptors in brain[J].Endocrinology,1985,117:2321-2329.
Bautista C M,Baylink D J,Mohan S.Isolation of a novel insulin-like growth factor IGF1 binding protein from human bone:a potential candidate for fixing IGF-Ⅱ in human bone[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1991,176:1756-763.
Berghtnan L R,Buyse J,Huybrechts L M,et al.Disappearance rate of glyeosylatod and non-glycosylated chicken growth hormone:Influence on biological activity[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1994,108C:161-169.
Blat C,Delbe J,Villaudy J,et al.Inhibitory diffusible factor 45 bifunctional activity as a cell growth inhibitor and as an insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ-binding protein[J].J Biol Chem,1989,264:12449-12454.
Bourner M J,Busby W H,Seigel N R,et al.Cloning and sequence determination of bovine insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2(IGFBP-2):comparison of its structural and functional properties with IGFBP-1[J].J Cell Biochem,1992,48:215-226.
Bramani S,Song H,Beattie J,et al.Amino acids within the extracellular matrix(ECM) binding region (201-218) of rat insulin-like growth factor binding protein(IGFBP-5) are important determinants in binding IGF-Ⅰ[J].J Mol Endocrinol,1999,23:117-123.
Buonomo F C,Baile C A.Effect of daily injections of growth hormone-releasing factor and thyrotropinreleasing hormone on growth and endocrine parameters in chickens[J].Dom Anita Endocrinol,1986,3:269-276.
Buonomo F C,Baile C A.Recombinant bovine somatotropin stimulates short term increases in growth rate and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) in chickens[J].Domest Anim Endoerinol,1988,5:219-229.
Buonomo F C,Sabacky M J,Della-Fera M A,et al.Effects of somatostatin immunoneutralization on growth and endocrine parameters in chickens[J].Domest Anita Endocrinol,1987,4:191-200.
Burnside J,Cogburn L A.Developmental expression of hepatic growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ mRNA in the chicken[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,1992,89:91-96.
Clemmons D R.Role of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in controlling IGF actions[J].Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,1998,140:19-24.
Clemmons D R,Elgin R G,Han V K M,et al.Cultured fibroblast monolayers secrete a protein that alters the cellular binding of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ[J].J Clin Invest,1986,77:1548-1556.
Conover C A,Kiefer M C.Regulation and biological effect of endogenous insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 in human osteoblastic cells[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1993,76:1153-1159.
Czerwinski S M,Martin J M,Bechtel P J.Modulation of IGF-Ⅰ mRNA abundance during tretch-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regression[J].J Appl Physiol,1994,76:2026-2030.
Dechiara T M,Efstratiadis A,Roberston E J.A growth-deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ gone disrupted by targeting[J].Nature,1990,345:78-80.
Decuypere E,Huybrechts L M,Kuhn E R,et al.Physiological alterations associated with the chicken sex-linked dwarfing gene[J].Crit Rev Poult Biol,1992,3:191-221.
DeMellow J S M,Baxter R C.Growth hormone dependent insulin-like growth factor binding protein both inhibits and potentiates IGF-Ⅰ stimulated DNA synthesis in skin fibroblasts[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1988,156:199-204.
DePablo F,Perez-Villamil B,Serna J,et al.IGF-Ⅰ and the IGF-Ⅰ receptor in development of nonmammalian vertebrates[J].Mol Reprod Dev,1993,35:427-433.
DePablo F,Scott L A,Roth I.Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in early development:Peptides,receptors and biological events[J].Endocr Rev,1990,11:558-578.
Duclos M J,Goddard C.Insulin-like growth factor receptors in chicken liver membranes:Binding properties,specificity,developmental pattern and evidence for a single receptor type[J].J Endocrinol,1990,125:199-206.
Engstrom W,Bell K M,Schofield P N.Expression of the insulin like growth factor IGF-Ⅱ gene in the developing chick limb[J].Cell Biol Int Rep,1987,11:415-421.
Ernst C W,McFarland D C,White M E.Expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ),IGF binding protein-2 and myogenin during differentiation of myogenic satellite cells derived from the turkey[J].Differentiation,1996,61:25-33.
Feyen J H,Evans D B,Binkert C,et al.Recombinant human CYS 281 insulin like growth factor binding protein-2 inhibits both basal and insulin like growth factor Ⅰ stimulated proliferation and collagen synthesis in-fetal rat Calvaria[J].I Biol Chem,1991,266:19469-19474.
Girbau M,Gomez J A,Lesniak M A,et al.Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ both stimulate metabolism,growth and differentiation in the postneurula chick embryo[J].Endocrinology,1987,121:1477-1482.
Guenette R S,Tenniswood M.The role of growth factors in the suppression of active cell death in the prostate:an hypothesis[j].Biochemistry and Cell Biology,1994,72:553-559.
Halevy O,Hodik V,Mett A.The effects of growth hormone on avian skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1996,101:43-52.
Haselbacher G K,Andres R Y,Humbel R E.Evidence for the synthesis of a somatmedin similar to insulin-like growth factor I by chick embryo liver cells[J].Eur J Biochem,1980,111:245-250.
Houston B,O'Neill I E.Insulin and growth hormone act synergistically to stimulate insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ production by cultured chicken hepatocytes[J].J Endocrinol,1991,128:389-393.
Huang N,Cogbum L A,Agarwal S K,et al.Overexpression of a truncated growth hormone receptor in the sex-linked dwarf chicken:Evidence for a splice mutation[J].Mol Endocrinol,1993,7:1391-1398.
Huybrechts L M,Michielsen R,Darras VM,et al.Effect of the sex-linked dwarf gene on thyrotrophic and somatotrophic axes in the chick embryo[J].Reprod Nutr Develop,1989,29:219-226.
Hwa V,Oh Y,Rosenfeld R G.The insulin-like growth factorbinding protein(IGFBP) superfamily[J].Endocrine Reviews,1999,20:761-787.
Imai Y,Busby Jr W H,Smith C E,et al.Protease-resistant form of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 is an inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ actions on porcine smooth muscle ceils in culture[J].J Clin Invest,1997,100:2596-2605.
Jones J I,Clemmons D R.Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins:biological actions[J].Endocrine Reviews,1995,16:3-34.
Jones J I,D'Ercole A J,Camacho-Hubner C,et al.Phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-1 in cell culture and in rive:effects on affinity for IGF-Ⅰ[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1991,88:7481-7485.
Jones J I,Gockerman A,Busby Jr W H,et al.Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 stimulates cell migration and binds to the a5b1 integrin receptor by means of its Arg-Gly-Asp sequence[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1993,90:10553-10557.
Jones J I,Gockerman A,Busby W H,et al.Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 stimulates cell migration and binds to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin by means of its Arg-Gly-Asp sequence[J].Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA,1993,9010:553-557.
Jones J I,Gockerman A,Busby W H J,et al.Extracellular matrix contains insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5:potentiation of the effects of IGF-Ⅰ[J].J Cell Biol,1993,121:679-687.
Kate M V,Sate H,Tsukada T,et al.A follistatin-like gene,mac25,may act as a growth suppressor of osteosarcoma cells[J].Oncogene,1996,12:1361-1364.
Kiefer M C,Schmid C,Waldvogel M,et al.Characterization of recombinant human insulin-like-growth factor binding proteins 4,5,and 6 produced in yeast[J].I Biol Chem,1992,267:12692-12699.
Kikuchi K,Buonomo F C,Kajimoto Y,et al.Expression of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ during chicken development[J].Endocrinology,1991,128:1323-1328.
Kim J W,Fletcher D L,Campion D R,et al.Effect of dietary manipulation of c-myc RNA expression in adipose tissue,muscle and liver of broiler chickens[y].Biochem Biophys ges Commun,1991,180:1-7.
Kita K,Tomas F M,Owens P C,et al.Influence of nutrition on hepatic IGF-Ⅰ mRNA levels and plasma concentrations of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ in meat-type chickens[J].J Endocrinol,1996,149:181-190,
Knauer D J,Smith G L.Inhibition of biologic activity of multiplication stimulating activity by binding to its cartier protein[y].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1980,77:72:52-7254.
Kornfeld S.Structure and function of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptors[J].Annual Reviews in Biochemistry,1992,61:307-330.
Lauterio T J,Scanes C G.Time course of changes in plasma concentrations of the growth related hormones during protein restriction in the domestic fowl(Gallus domesticus)[J].Proc Soc Exp Biol Med,1987,185:420-426.
Lazarus D D,Scanes C G.Acute effects of hypophysectomy and administration of pancreatic and thyroid hormones on circulating concentrations of somatomedin-C and young chickens:Relationship between growth hormone and somatomedin-C[J].Domest Anita Endocrinol,1988,5:283-289.
Leal S M,Huang S S,Huang J S.Interactions of high affinity insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins with the type Ⅴ transforming growth factor-b receptor in mink lung epithelial cells[J].J Biol Chem,1999,274:6711-6717.
Leung F C,Styles W J,Rosenblum C I.Diminished hepatic growth hormone receptor binding in sex-linked dwarf broiler and Leghorn chickens[J].Proc Soc Exp Biol Med,1987,184:234-238.
Ling N C,Liu X J,Malkowski M,et al.Structural and functional studies of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the ovary[J].Growth Regul,1993,3:70-74.
McCusker R H,Busby W H,Dehoff M H,et al.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF) binding to cell monolayers is directly modulated by the addition of IGF binding proteins[J].Endocrinology,1991,129:939-949.
McCusker R H,Camacho-Hubner C,Bayne M L,et al.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF) binding to human fibroblast and glioblastoma cells:the modulating effect of cell released IGF binding proteins(IGFBPs)[J].J Cell Physiol,1990,144:244-253.
McFarland D C,Ferrin N H,Gilkerson K K,et al.Tissue distribution of insulin-like growth factor receptors in the turkey[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1992,103B:601-607.
McMurtry J P,Francis G,Caperna T,et al.Metabolic responses of the chicken to an intravenous injection of either chicken(clGF-Ⅰ) or human insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(h1GF-Ⅰ)[J].Poultry Sci,1996,75[Suppl 1]:47.
McMurtry J P,Francis G,Upton Z,et al.Aspects of insulin-like growth factors in poultry growth physiology[C]//Endocrinology,Abstracts 77th Annual Meeting,1995,pg.43.
McMurtry J P,Francis G L,Upton F Z,et al.Developmental changes in chicken and turkey insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) studied with a homologous radioimmunoassay for chicken IGF-Ⅰ[J].J Endocrinol,1994,142:225-234.
McMurtry J P,Richards M P,Brecht D M,et al.Developmental changes in serum insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the turkey embryo[J].Poultry Sci,1996,75:563-569.
McMurtry J P,Richards M P,Kahl S,et al.Pituitary,thyroid,and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and-IGF-Ⅰstatus in turkey embryos maintained in shell-less eulture[J].Poultry Sci,1990,[Suppl Ⅰ]:69-91.
Minhsall R D,McFarland D C,Doumit M E.Interaction of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ with turkey satellite cells and satellite cell-derived myotubes.Domest Anita Endoerinol,1990,7:412-424.
Mohan S,Nakao Y,Honda Y,et al.Studies on the mechanisms by which insulin-like growth factor(IGF)binding protein 4(IGFBP-4) and IGFBP-5 modulate IGF actions in bone cells[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1995,270:20424-20431.
Morishita D,Wakita M,Hoshino S.Effect of hypophysectomy on insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-Ⅰ binding activity of serum in chickens[J].Comp Bioehem Physiol,1993,104A:261-265.
Murphy M,Pykett M J,Harnish P,et al.Identification and characterization of genes differentially expressed in meningiomas[J].Cell Growth Differ,1993,4:715-722.
Nissley P,Lopaezynski W.Insulin-like growth factor receptors.Growth Factors,5:29-43.
Oh Y,Muller H L,Lamson G,et al.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-independent action of IGF-binding protein-3 in Hs578T human breast cancer cells[J].J Biol Chem,1991,268:14964-14971.
Oh Y,Muller H L,Pham H et al.Demonstration of receptors for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3on Hs578T human breast cancer cells[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1993,268:26045-26048.
Oh Y,Nagalla S R,Yamanaka Y,et al.Synthesis and characterization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein(IGFBP-7)[J].J Biol Chern,1996,271:30322-30325.
Oh Y,Yamanaka Y,Wilson E,et al.IGF-independent actions of IGFBPs[C]// In:Takano K,Hizuka N,Takahashi S-I(eds) Molecular Mechanisms to Regulate the Activities of Insulin-Like Growth Factors.Elsevier,Amsterdam,1998,pp.123-133.
Okajima T,Iwashita M,Takeda Y,et al.Inhibitory effects of insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-binding proteins-1 and-3 on IGF-activated glucose consumption in mouse BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts[J].J Endocrinol,1993,136:457-470.
O'Neill I E,Houston B,Goddard C.Stimulation of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ production in primary cultures of chicken hepatocytes by chicken growth hormone[J].Mol Cell Endoerinol,1990,70:41-47.
Phillips I D,Becks G P,Logan A,et al.Altered expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) and IGF binding proteins during rat thyroid hyperplasia and involution[J].Growth Factors,1994,10:207-222.
Porter T E,Couger G S,Morpurgo B.Evidence that somatotroph differentiation during chicken embryonic development is stimulated by a blood-borne signal[J].Endocrinology,1995,136:3721-3728.
Proudman J A,McGuinness M C,Krishnan K A,et al.Endocrine and metabolic responses of intact and hypophysectomized turkey poults given a daily injection of chicken growth hormone[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1994,109C:47-56.
Qin X,Strong D D,Baylink D J,et al.Structure-function analysis of the human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4[J].J Biol Chem,1998,273:23509-23516.
Rajah R,Valentinis B,Cohen P.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-binding protein 3 induces apoptosis and mediates the effects of transforming growth factor-betal on programmed cell death through a p53-and IGF-independent mechanism[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1997,272:12181-12188.
Ralphs J R,Wylie L,Hill D J.Distribution of insulin-like growth factor peptides in the developing chick embryo[J].Development,1990,109:51-58.
Rauschnabel U,Koscielniak E,Ranke M B,et al.RGD-specific binding of IGFBP-2 to alpha 5 beta 1-integrin of Ewing sarcoma cells(Abstract from the 5th International Symposium on Insulin-like Growth Factors,Brighton)[C]//Growth Hormone and IGF Research,1999,9:369.
Reeve J G,Schwander J,Bleehen N M.IGFBP-2:an important regulator of insulin like growth factor action in human lung tumors[J].Growth Regul,1993,3:82-84.
Robcis H L,Caldes T,DePablo F.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ serum levels show a midembryogenesis peak in chicken that is absent in growth-retarded embryos cultured ex ovo[J].Endocrinology,1991,128:1895-1901.
Rosebrough R W,McMurtry J P.Protein and energy relationship in the broiler chicken.Ⅱ.ERects of protein quantity and quality on metabolism[J].Br J Nutr,1993,70:667-678.
Rosenfeld R G.Editorial:The blind men and the elephant-a parable for the study of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins[J].Endocrinology,1998,139:5-7.
Ross M,Francis G L,Szabo L,et al.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-binding proteins inhibit the biological activities of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-2 but not des-cl-3-IGF-Ⅰ[J].Biochem J,1989,258:267-272.
Rosselot G,McMurtry J P,Vasilatos-Younken R,et al.Effect of exogenous chicken growth hormone(cGH)administration on insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) gene expression in domestic fowl[J].Mol Cell Endoerinol,1995,114:157-166.
Scanes C G,Boone F,McCann-Levorse L,et al.The sex-linked dwarf(dw) chicken:A model for Laron dwarfism[J].Pediat Adoles Endocrinol,1993,24:313-318.
Scavo L,Alemany J,Roth J,et al.Insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ activity is stored in the yolk of the avian egg[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1989,162:1167-1 173.
Schwinder J,.Mary J L,Landwehr J,et al.The regulation of the mRNA of an insulin-like growth factor binding protein(IBP-2) in the rat[C]//in:Drop SLS,Hints RL(eds) Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins.Excerpta Mediea International Congress Series 881.Elsevier Science Publishers BV,Amsterdam,1989,pp.125-131.
Serrano J,Shuldiner A R,Roberts Jr C T,et al.The insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) gene is expressed in chick embryos during early organogenesis[J].Endocrinology,1990,127:1547-1549.
Spencer G S G,Garssen G J,Gerrits A R,et al.Lack of effect of exogenous insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) on chick embryo growth rate[J].Reprod Nutr Dev,1990,30:515-521.
Stewart C H,Bates D C,Calder T A,et al.Potentiation of insulin like growth factor(IGF-Ⅰ) activity by an anti-body:supportive evidence for enhancement of IGF-Ⅰ bioavailabihty in vivo by IGF binding proteins[J].Endocrinology,1993,133:1462-1465.
Swisshelm K,Ryan K,Tsuchiya K,et al.Enhanced expression of an insulin growth factor-like binding protein(mac25) in senescent human mammary epithelial cells and induced expression with retinoic acid[J].Proc Natl Aead Sci USA,1995,92:4472-4476.
Tanaka M,Hayashida Y,Sakaguchi K,et al.Growth hormone-independent expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ messenger ribonucleic acid in extrahepatic tissues of the chicken[J].Endocrinology,1996,137:30-34.
Taylor E R,Seleiro E A P,Brickell P M.Identification of antisense transcripts of the chicken insulin-like growth faetor-Ⅱ gene[J].J Mol Endocrinol,1991,7:145-154.
Thissen J P,Ketelslegers J M,Underwood L E.Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors[J].Endocrine Rev,1994,15:80-101.
Tonner E,Barber M C,Travers M T,et al.Hormonal control of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5production in the involuting mammary gland of the rat[J].Endocrinology,1997,138:5101-5107.
Trouten-Radford L,Zhao X,McBride B W.IGF-Ⅰ receptors in embryonic skeletal muscle of three strains of chickens selected for differences in growth capacity[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1991,8:129-137.
Vasilatos-Younken R,Cravener T L,Cogburn L A,et al.Effect of pattern of administration on the response to exogenous,pituitary-derived chicken growth hormone by broiler-strain pullets[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1988,71:268-283.
Wang J J.Immunocytochemical demonstration of the binding of growth-related polypeptide hormones on chick embryonic tissues[J].Histochemistry,1989,93:133-141.
Watkins B A,Shen C L,Allen K G D,et al.Dietary(n-3) and(n-6) polyunsaturates and acetylsalicyclic acid alter ex vivo PGE 2 biosynthesis,tissue IGF-Ⅰ levels,and bone morphometry in chicks[J].J Bone Min Res,1996,11:1321-1332.
Yamauchi T,Umeda F,Masakado M,et al.Purification and molecular cloning of prostacyclin stimulating factor from serum-free conditioned medium of human diploid fibroblast cells[J].Biochem J,1994,303(Pt 2):591-8.
Yang Y W H,Robbins A R,Nissley S P,et al.The chick embryo fibroblast cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor is functional and immunologically related to the mammalian insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)/man 6-P receptor but does not bind IGF-Ⅱ[J].Endocrinology,1991,128:1177-1189.
Zackenfels K,Oppenheim R W,Rohrer H.Evidence for an important role of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ for the early development of chick sympathetic neurons[J].Neuron,1995,14:731-741.
Zapf J,Schoenle E,Jagars G,et al.Inhibition of the action of nonsuppressible insulin-like activity on isolated fat cells by binding to its carrier protein[J].J Clin Invest,1979,63:1077-1084.
Armstrong D G,Hogg C O.The expression of a putative insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ receptor gene in the liver of the developing chick[J].J Mol Endocrinol,1992,8:193-201.
Asakawa A,Inui A,Kaga T,et al.A role of ghrelin in neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress in mice[J].Neuroendocrinology,2001,74:143-7.
Burnside J,Cogburn L A.Developmental expression of hepatic growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ mRNA in the chicken[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,1992,89:91-96.
Carew L B,McMurtry J P,Alster F A.Effects of Methionine Deficiencies on Plasma Levels of Thyroid Hormones,Insulin-like Growth Factors-Ⅰ and-Ⅱ,Liver and Body Weights,and Feed Intake in Growing Chickens[J].Poult Sci,2003,82:1932-1938.
Chen L L,Jiang Q Y,Zhu X T,et al.Ghrelin ligand-receptor mRNA expression in hypothalamus,proventriculus and liver of chicken(Gallus gallus domesticus):Studies on ontogeny and feeding condition[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,2007,147A:893-902.
Conover C A,Khosla S.Role of extracellular matrix in insulin-like growth factor(IGF) binding protein-2regulation of IGF-Ⅱ action in normal human osteoblasts[J].Growth Hormone IGF Res,2003,13:328-35.
De Groef B,Goris N,Arckens L,et al.Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone(CRH)-Induced Thyrotropin Release Is Directly Mediated through CRH Receptor Type 2 on Thyrotropes[J].Endocrinology,2003,144:5537-5544.
Dupont J,Holzenberger M.Biology of insulin-like growth factors in development[J].Birth Defects Res,2003,69C:257-271.
Geris K L,Berghman L R,K(u|¨)hn E R,et al.Pre-and posthatch developmental changes in hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone and somatostatin concentrations and in circulating growth hormone and thyrotropin levels in the chicken[J].J Endocrinol,1998,159:219-225.
Geris K L,De Groef B,K(u|¨)hn E R,et al.In vitro study of corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced thyrotropin secretion:ontogeny and inhibition by somatostatin[y].Gen.Comp.Endocrinol,2003,132:272-277.
Geris K L,De Groef B,Rohrer S P,et al.Identification of somatostatin receptors controlling growth hormone and thyrotropin secretion in the chicken using receptor subtype-specific agonists[y].J Endocrinol,2002,177:279-286.
Geris K L,D'Hondt E,K(u|¨)hn E R,et al.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in different regions of the chicken brain and pituitary:an ontogenetic study[J].Brain Research,1999,818:260-266.
Gimpl G,Fahrenholz F.The oxytocin receptor system:structure,function,and regulation[J].Physiol Rev,2001,81:629-683.
Gregory C C,Dean C,Porter T.Expression of Chicken Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone β-Subunit Messenger Ribonucleic Acid during Embryonic and Neonatal Development[J].Endocrinology,1998,139:474-478.
Grino M,Young 3rd W S,Burgunder J M.Ontogeny of expression of the corticotropin-releasing factor gene in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and of the proopiomelanocortin gene in rat pituitary[J].Endocrinology,1989,124:60-68.
Harvey S,Fraser R A,Lea R W.Growth hormone secretion in poultry[J].Crit Rev Poult Biol,1991,3:239-282.
Howard A D,Feighner S D,Cully D F,et al.Rosenblum.A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release[J].Science,1996,273:974-7.
Jones J I,Clemmons D R.Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins:Biological actions[J].Endocr Rev,1995,16:2-34.
Katayama M,Nogami H,Nishiyama J,et al.Developmentally and regionally regulated expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor mRNA in rat brain and pituitary gland[J].Neuroendocrinology,2000,72:333-340.
Kawasaki D,Aotsuka T,Higashinakagawa T,et al.Cloning of the gene for the thyrotropinβ-subunit in the Japanese crested ibis,Nipponia nippon[y].Zool Sci,2003,20:203-10.
Kita,K,Nagao K,Taneda N,et al.Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 gene expression can be regulated by diet manipulation in several tissues of young chickens[y].Nutrition,2002,132:145-151.
Kojima M,Hosoda H,Date Y.Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach[J].Nature,1999,402:656-660.
Kojima M,Hosoda H,Matsuo H,et al.Ghrelin:discovery of the natural endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor[J].Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism,2001,12:118-122.
Lee H M,Wang G,Englander E W,et al.Ghrelin,a new gastrointestinal endocrine peptide that stimulates insulin secretion:enteric distribution,ontogeny,influence of endocrine,and dietary manipulations[J].Endocrinology,2002,143:185-190.
Mao J N,Burnside J,Postel-Vinay M C,et al.Ontogeny of growth hormone receptor gene expression in tissue of growth- selected strains of broiler chickens[J].J Endocrinol,1998,156:67-75.
Matsumura Y,Domeki M,Sugshara K,et al.Nutritional regulation of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ receptor mRNA levels in growing chickens[J].Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,1996,60:979-982.
McCann-Levorse L M,Radecki S V,Donoghue D J,et al.Ontogeny of pituitary growth hormone and growth hormone mRNA in the chicken[J].Proc Soc Exp Biol Med,1993,202:109-113.
McMurtry J P,Francis G L,Upon Z.Insulin-like growth factors in poultry[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1997,14:199-229.
Mohan S,Baylink D J.IGF-binding proteins are multifunctional and act via IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms[J].J Endocrinol,2002,175:19-31.
Morel G,Gallego R,Boulanger L,et al.Restricted presence of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor to somatotropes in rat and human pituitaries[j].Neuroendocrinology,1999,70:128-136.
Nakamura K,Iwasawa A,Kidokoro H,et al.Development of thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit-producing cells in the chicken embryonic pituitary gland[J].Cells Tissues Organs,2004,177:21-28.
Porter T E.Regulation of pituitary somatotroph differentiation by hormones of peripheral endocrine glands[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,2005,29:52-62.
Porter T E,Couger G S,Dean C E,et al.Ontogeny of growth hormone(GH)-secreting cells during chicken embryonic development:initial somatotrophs are responsive to GH-releasing hormone[J].Endocrinology,1995,136:1850-1856.
Rajaram S,Baylink D J,Mohan S.Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in serum and other biological fluids:regulation and functions[J].Endocr Rev,1997,18:801-831.
Richards M P,Poch S M,McMurtry J P.Characterization of turkey and chicken ghrelin genes,and regulation of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor mRNA levels in broiler chickens[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,2006,145:298-310.
Rosebrough R W,McMurtry J P.Protein and energy relationships in the broiler chickens.Effects of protein quantity and quality on metabolism[J].Brit J Nutr,1993,70:667-678.
Rosselot G,McMurtry J P,Vasilatos-Younken R,et al.Effect of exogenous chicken growth hormone(cGH)administration on insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) gene expression in domestic fowl[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,1995,114:157-166.
Saito E S,Kaiya H,Tachibana T,et al.Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on food intake is mediated by the corticotropin-releasing factor system in neonatal chicks[J].Regul Pept,2005,125:201-208.
Scanes C G,Griminger P.Endocrine-nutrition interactions in birds[J].J Exp Zool,1990,(Suppl.4):98-105.
Scanes C G,Harvey S.Triiodothyronine inhibition of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and growth hormone-releasing factor-induced growth hormone secretion in anaesthetized chickens[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,1989,73:477-84.
Schams D,Berisha B.Steroids as local regulators of ovarian activity in domestic animals[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,2002,23:53-65.
Schams D,Berisha B.Regulation of corpus luteum function in cattle—an overview[J].Reprod Domest Anim,2004,39:241-251.
Schleim K D,Jacks T,Cunningham P,et al.Increases in circulating insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ levels by the oral growth hormone secretagogue MK-0677 in the beagle are dependent upon pituitary mediation[J].Endocrinology,1999,140:1552-8.
Spencer G S G,Decuypere E,Buyse J,et al.Effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ on weight gain and body composition of broiler chickens[J].Poult Sci,1996,75:388-392.
Spiegelman B M,Flier J S.Obesity and the regulation of energy balance[J].Cell,2001,104:531-543.
Tannenbaum G S,Painson J C,Lapointe M,et al.Interplay of somatostatin and growth hormonereleasing hormone in genesis of episodic growth hormone secretion[J].Metabolism,1990,39:35-39.
Vandenborne K,De Groef B,Geelissen S M E,et al.Molecular Cloning and Developmental Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Chicken[J].Endocrinology,2005,146:301-308.
Vanderpooten A,Janssens W,Buyse J,et al.Study of the hepatic growth hormone(GH) receptor at different ages in chickens selected for a good feed conversion(FC) and a fast weight gain(GL)[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1993,10:199-206.
Wang C Y,Wang Y,Li J,et al.Expression Profiles of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor During Chicken Embryonic Pituitary Development[J].Poult Sci,2006,85:569-576.
Wren A M, Small C J, Fribbens C V, et al. The hypothalamic mechanisms of the hypophysiotropic action of ghrelin[J]. Neuroendocrinology, 2002, 76:316- 24.
Yang Y W, Brown D R, Robcis H L, et al. Developmental regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 in chick embryo serum and vitreous humor[J]. Regul. Peptides, 1993, 48:145-155.
Zhao R Q, Muehlbauer E, Decuypere E, et al. Effect of genotype-nutrition interaction on growth and somatotropic gene expression in the chicken[J]. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2004, 136: 2-11.
Akaogi K, Sao J, Okabe Y, et al. Synergistic growth stimulation of mouse fibroblasts by tumor-derived adhesion factor with insulin-like growth factors and insulin[J]. Cell Growth Differ, 1996, 7:1671-1677.
Bacon W L, Nestor K. E, Emmerson D A, et al. Circulating IGF-I in plasma of growing male and female turkeys of medium and heavy weight lines[J]. Domest Anim Endocrinol, 1993,10(4): 267-77.
Baxter R C, Martin J L. Structure of the Mr 140-000 growth hormone-dependent insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex: Determination by reconstitution and affinity labeling[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1989, 86: 6898-6902.
Beccavin C,Chevalier B,Simon J,et al.Circulating insulin-like growth factors(IGF-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ) and IGF binding proteins in divergently selected fat or lean chickens:effect of prolonged fasting[J].Growth Horm IGF Res,1999,9:187-94.
Beccavin C,Chevalier B,Cogburn L A,et al.Insulin-like growth factors and body growth in chickens divergently selected for high or low growth rate[J].J Endocrinol,2001,168:297-306.
Beebe D C,Silver M H,Belcher K S,et al.Lentropin,a protein that controls lens fiber formation,is related functionally and immunologically to the insulinlike growth factors[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1987,84:2327-2330.
Buyse J,Decuypere E.The role of the somatotrophic axis in the metabolism of the chicken[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1999,17(2-3):245-55.
Cerro J A,Grewal A,Wood T L,et al.Tissue-specific expression of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein(IGFBP) mRNAs in mouse and rat development[J].Regul Pept,1993,48:189-198.
Cheng C M,Kelley B,Wang J,et al.A ketogenic diet increases brain insulin-like growth factor receptor and glucose transporter gene expression[J].Endocrinology,2003,144(6):2676-82.
Clemmons D R.Role of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in controlling IGF actions[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,1998,140:19-24.
Clemmons D R,Deboff M L,Busby W H,et al.Competition for binding to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-2,3,4,and 5 by the IGFs and IGF analogs[J].Endocrmology,1992,131(2):890-895.
Conlon M A,Kita K.Muscle protein synthesis rate is altered in response to a single injection of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ in seven-day-old Leghorn chioks[J],Poult Sci,2002,81(10):1543-7.
Duclos M J,Wilkie R S,Goddard C.Stimulation of DNA synthesis in chicken muscle satellite cells by insulin and insulin-like growth factors:evidence for exclusive mediation by a type-Ⅰ insulin-like growth factor receptor[J].J Endocrinol,1991,128:35-42.
Ernst C W,McFarland D C,White M E.Expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ),IGF binding protein-2 and myogenin during differentiation of myogenic satellite cells derived from the turkey[J].Differentiation,1996,61(1):25-33.
Fliesen T,Maiter D,Gerard G,et al.Reduction of serum insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ by dietary restriction is age dependent[J].Pediatr Res,1989,26:415-9.
Florini J R,Ewton D Z,Roof S L.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ stimulates terminal myogenic differentiation by induction of myogenin gene expression[J].Mol Endocrinol,1991,5(5):718-24.
Gabillard J C,Kamangar B B,Montserrat N.Coordinated regulation of the GH/IGF system genes during refeeding in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].J Endocrinol,2006,191(1):15-24.
Gautsch T A,Kandl S M,Donovan S M,et al.Response of the IGF-Ⅰ system to prolonged undernutrition and its involvement in somatic and skeletal muscle growth retardation in rats[J].Growth Dev Aging Spring-Summer,1998,62(1-2):13-25.
Gerrard D E,Grant A L.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ expression in developing skeletal muscle of double muscled and normal cattle[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1994,11(4):339-47
Gerrard D E,Okamura C S,Grant A L.Expression and location of IGF binding proteins-2,-4,and -5 in developing fetal tissues[J].J Anim Sci,1999,77:1431-1441.
Gerrard D E,Okamura C S,Ranalletta M A,et al.Developmental expression and location of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle[J].J Anim Sci,1998,76(4):1004-11.
Girbau M,Gomez J A,Lesniak M A,et al.Insulin and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ both stimulate metabolism,growth and differentiation in the postneurula chick embryo[J].Endocrinology,1987,121:1477-1482.
Green B N,Jones S B,Streck R D,et al.Distinct expression patterns of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 2 and 5 during fetal and postnatal development[J].Endocrinology,1994,134(2):954-62.
Guernec A,Chevalier B,Duclos M J.Effects of nutritional state and genotype on IGF-Ⅰ and myostatin mRNA levels in chicken muscle[J].Br Poult Sci,2001,42:S25-S26.
Hoeflich A,B(u|¨)nger L,Nedbal S,et al.Growth selection in mice reveals conserved and redundant expression patterns of the insulin-like growth factor system[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,2004,136(2):248-59.
Hua K M,Ord R,Kirk S,et al.Regulation of plasma and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ by nutrition and treatment with growth hormone in sheep[J].J Endocrinol,1993,136:217-224.
Huybrechts L M,King D B,Lauterio T J,et al.Plasma concentrations of somatomedin-C in hypophysectomized,dwarf and intact growing domestic fowl as determined by heterologous radioimmunoassay[J].J Endocrinol,1985,104(2):233-9.
Hwa V,Tomasini-Sprenger C,Bermejo A L,et al.Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein-1 in prostate cells[J].Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism,1998,83:4355-4362.
Hwa V,Oh Y,Rosenfeld R G.The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein(IGFBP) superfamily[y].Endocr Rev,1999,20(6):761-787.
James P L,Jones S B,Busby W H,et al.A highly conserved insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP-5) is expressed during myoblast differentiation[J].J Biol Chem,1993,268:22305-22312.
Jones J I,Clemmons D R.Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins:biological actions[J].Endocr Rev,1995,16:3-34.
Kato M V,Sato H,Tsukada T,et al.A follistatin-like gene,mac25,may act as a growth suppressor of osteosarcoma cells[J].Oncogene,1996,12:1361-1364.
Kikuchi K,Buonomo F C,Kajimoto Y,et al.Expression of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ during chicken development[J].Endocrinology,1991,128:1323-1328.
Kita K,Tomas F M,Owens P C,et al.Influence of nutrition on hepatic IGF-Ⅰ mRNA levels and plasma concentrations of IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ in meat-type chickens[J].J Endocrinol,1996,149:181-190.
Kita K,Nagao K,Taneda N,et al.Insulin- Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 gene expression can be regulated by diet manipulation in several tissues of young chickens[J].J Nutr,2002,132:145-151.
Lee H G,Choi Y J,Lee S R,et al.Effects of dietary protein and growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP-2) on plasma IGF-1 and IGFBPs in Holstein steers[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,2005,28:134-146.
Leili S,Buonomo F C,Scanes C G.The effects of dietary restriction on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and IGF-binding proteins in chickens[J].Proc Soc Exp Biol Med,1997,216:104-111.
Listrat A,Gerrard D E,Boulle N,et al.In situ localization of muscle insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ mRNA in developing bovine fetuses[J].J Endocrinol,1994,140(2):179-87.
Lowe W L Jr,Adamo M,Werner H,et al.Regulation by fasting of rat insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ and its receptor.Effects on gene expression and binding[J].J Clin Invest,1989,84:619-626.
Matsumura Y,Domeki M,Sugahara K,et al.Nutritional regulation of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰreceptor mRNA levels in growing chickens[J].Biosci Biotechnol Biochem,1996,60(6):979-82.
McMurtry J P,Francis G L,Upton Z.Insulin-like growth factors in poultry[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1997,14(4):199-229.
Ning Y,Schuller A G,Bradshaw S,et al.Diminished growth and enhanced glucose metabolism in triple knockout mice containing mutations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3,-4,and -5[J].Mol Endocrinol,2006,20(9):2173-86.
Oh Y,Nagalla S R,Yamanaka Y,et al.Synthesis and characterization of insulinlike growth factor-binding protein(IGFBP)-7[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1996,271:30322-30325.
Orlowski C C,Brown A L,Ooi G T,et al.Tissue,developmental,and metabolic regulation of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding a rat insulin-like growth factor-binding protein[J].Endocrinology,1990,126(1):644-52.
Oster M H,Levin N,Fielder P J,et al.Developmental differences in the IGF-Ⅰ system response to severe and chronic caloric malnutrition[J].Am J Physiol,1996,270:E646-53.
Pym R A,Johnson R J,Etse D B,et al.Inheritance of plasma insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and growth rate,food intake,food efficiency and abdominal fatness in chickens[J].Br Poult Sci,1991,32(2):285-93.
Rotwein P.Structure,evolution,expression and regulation of insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ and Ⅱ[J].Growth Factors,1991,5(1):3-18.
Sanchez-Gomez M,Malml(o|¨)f K,Mejia W,et al.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,but not growth hormone,is dependent on a high protein intake to increase nitrogen balance in the rat[J].Br J Nutr,1999,81:145-152.
Scanes C G,Dunnington E A,Buonomo F C,et al.Plasma concentrations of insulin like growth factors (IGF-)Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ in dwarf and normal chickens of high and low weight selected lines[J].Growth Dev Aging,1989,53:151-157.
Schmid C,Steiner T,Froesch E R.Preferential enhancement of myoblast differentiation by insulin-like growth factors(IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ) in primary cultures of chicken embryonic cells[J].FEBS Lett,1983,161:117-121.
Severgnini S,Lowenthal D T,Millard W J,et al.Altered IGF-Ⅰ and IGFBPs in senescent male and female rats[J].J.Gerontol.A Biol Sci Med Sci,1999,54(3):B111-5.
Spangenburg E E,Abraha T,Childs T E,et al.Skeletal muscle IGF-binding protein-3 and -5 expressions are age,muscle,and load dependent[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2003,284(2):E340-50.
Tesseraud S,Pym R A E,Le Bihan-Duval E,et al.Response of Broilers Selected on Carcass Quality to Dietary Protein Supply:Live Performance,Muscle Development,and Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factors(IGF-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ)[J].Poultry Science,2003,82:1011-1016.
Thissen J P,Ketelslegers J M,Underwood L E.Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors[J].Endocrinol Rev,1994,15:80-101.
Tollefsen S,Lajara R,McCusker R,et al.Insulin-like growth factors in muscle development:expression of IGF-Ⅰ and the IGF receptor and IGF binding protein during myoblast differentiation[J].J Biol Chem,1989,264:13810-13817.
Trouten-Radford L,Zhao X,McBride B W.IGF-Ⅰ receptors in embryonic skeletal muscle of three strains of chickens selected for differences in growth capacity[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1991,8(1):129-37.
Vestergaard M,Purup S,Frystyk J,et al.Effects of growth hormone and feeding level on endocrine measurements,hormone receptors,muscle growth and performance of prepubertal heifers[J].J Anim Sci,2003,81:2189-98.
Yun J S,Seo D S,Kim W K,et al.Expression and relationship of the insulin-like growth factor system with posthatch growth in the Korean Native Ogol chicken[J].Poult Sci,2005,84(1):83-90.
Zadeh S M,Binoux M.The 16-kDa proteolytic fragment of insulin-like growth factor(IGF) binding protein-3 inhibits the mitogenic action of fibroblast growth factor on mouse fibroblasts with a targeted disruption of the type 1 IGF receptor gene[J].Endocrinology,1997,138(7):3069-72.
Ajo R,Cacicedo L,Navarro C,et al.Growth hormone action on proliferation and differentiation of cerebral cortical cells from fetal rat[J].Endocrinology,2003,144(3):1086-97.
Arkins S,Rebeiz N,Brunke-Reese D L,et al.The colony-stimulating factors induce expression of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ messenger ribonucleic acid during hematopoiesis[J].Endocrinology,1995,136(3):1153-60.
Bagi C M,Brommage R,Deleon L,et al.Benefit of systemically administered rhIGF-Ⅰ and rhIGF-Ⅰ/IGFBP-3 on cancellous bone in ovariectomized rats[J].J Bone Miner Res,1994,9(8):1301-12.
Bagi C M,DeLeon E,Brommage R,et al.Treatment of ovariectomized rats with the complex of rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 increases cortical and cancellous bone mass and improves structure in the femoral neck[J].Calcif Tissue Int,1995,57(1):40-6.
Bataille P,Pruna A,Gregoire I,et al.Critical role of oxalate restriction in association with calcium restriction to decrease the probability of being a stone former:,insufficient effect in idiopathic hypercalciuria[J].Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc,1983,20:401-6.
Bauss F,Lang K,Dony C,et al.The complex of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(rhIGF-Ⅰ) and its binding protein-5(IGFBP-5) induces local bone formation in murine calvariae and in rat cortical bone after local or systemic administration[J].2001,11(1):1-9.
Bautista C M,Baylink D J,Mohan S.Isolation of a novel insulin-like growth factor(IGF) binding protein from human bone:a potential candidate for fixing IGF-Ⅱ in human bone[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1991,176(2):756-63.
Bennett A K,Hester P Y,Spurlock D E.Polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor,osteopontin,insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin,and their associations with bone,egg and growth traits in a layer--broiler cross in chickens[J].Anim Genet,2006,37(3):283-6.
Bourrin S,Ammann P,Bonjour J P,et al.Dietary protein restriction lowers plasma insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ),impairs cortical bone formation,and induces osteoblastic resistance to IGF-Ⅰ in adult female rats[J].Endocrinology,2000,141(9):3149-55.
Canalis E,Gabbitas B.Skeletal growth factors regulate the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 in bone cell cultures[J].J Biol Chem,1995,270(18):10771-6.
Centrella M,McCarthy T L,Canalis E.Receptors for insulin-like growth factors-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ in osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal rat bone[J].Endocrinology,1990,126(1):39-44.
Chen Y,Pacyna-Gengelbach M,Ye F,et al.Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1(IGFBP-7) has potential tumour-suppressive activity in human lung cancer[J].J Pathol,2007,211(4):431-8.
Chevalley T,Strong D D,Mohan S,et al.Evidence for a role for insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in glucocorticoid inhibition of normal human osteoblast-like cell proliferation[J].Eur J Endocrinol,1996,134(5):591-601.
Conover C A,Johnstone E W,Turner R T,et al.Subcutaneous administration of insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-Ⅱ/IGF binding protein-2 complex stimulates bone formation and prevents loss of bone mineral density in a rat model of disuse osteoporosis[J].Growth Horm IGF Res,2002,12(3):178-83.
Cruickshank J,Grossman D I,Peng R K,et al.Spatial distribution of growth hormone receptor,insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ receptor and apoptotic chondrocytes during growth plate development[J].J Endocrinol,2005,184(3):543-53.
de la Rosa E J,Bondy C A,Hernandez-Sanchez C,et al.Insulin and insulin-like growth factor system components gene expression in the chicken retina from early neurogenesis until late development and their effect on neuroepithelial cells[J].Eur J Neurosci,1994,6(12):1801-10.
DiGirolamo D J,Mukherjee A,Fulzele K,et al.Mode of growth hormone action in osteoblasts[J].J Biol Chem,2007,282(43):31666-74.
Dominguez F,Avila S,Cervero A,et al.A combined approach for gene discovery identifies insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein 1 as a new gene implicated in human endometrial receptivity[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2003,88(4):1849-57.
Dunne J,Cullmann C,Ritter M,et al.siRNA-mediated AML1/MTG8 depletion affects differentiation and proliferation-associated gene expression in t(8;21)-positive cell lines and primary AML blasts[J].Oncogene,2006,25(45):6067-78.
Durant D,Pereira R M,Canalis E.Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5decreases osteoblastic function in vitro[J].Bone,2004,35(6):1256-62.
Eckstein F,Pavicic T,Nedbal S,et al.Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2(IGFBP-2)overexpression negatively regulates bone size and mass,but not density,in the absence and presence of growth bormone/IGF-Ⅰ excess in transgenic mice[J].Anat Embryol(Berl),2002,206(1-2):139-48.
Fisher M C,Meyer C,Garber G,et al.Role of IGFBP2,IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ in regulating long bone growth[J].Bone,2005,37(6):741-50.
Friedman S M,Gamba C A,Boyer P M,et al.Growth deceleration and bone metabolism in nutritional dwarfing rats[J].Int J Food Sci Nutr,2001,52(3):225-33.
Gabbitas B,Canalis E.Bone morphogenetic protein-2 inhibits the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 in bone cell cultures[J].Endocrinology,1995,136(6):2397-403.
Gabbitas B,Pash J,Canalis E.Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ synthesis in bone cell cultures by skeletal growth factors[J].Endocrinology,1994,135(1):284-9.
Goad D L,Tashjian A H Jr.Insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ inhibits parathyroid hormone-stimulated and enhances prostaglandin E2-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production by human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells[J].Endocrinology,1993,133(4):1585-92.
Gordon P V,Paxton J B,Kuemmerle J F,et al.A 14-kDa cathepsin L-derived carboxyl IGFBP-2fragment is sequestered by cultured rat ileal crypt cells[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2005,289(1):G79-87.
Goya L,Garcia-Segura L M,Ramos S,et al.Interaction between malnutrition and ovarian hormones on the systemic IGF-Ⅰ axis[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2002,147(3):417-24.
Hernadez-Sanchez C,Werner H,Roberts C T Jr,et al.Differential regulation of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) receptor gene expression by IGF-Ⅰ and basic fibroblastic growth factor[J].J Biol Chem,1997,272(8):4663-70.
Higashi Y,Takenaka A,Takahashi S,et al.Effect of protein restriction on messenger RNA of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in liver of ovariectomized rats[J].Br J Nutr,1998,79(5):447-53.
Hwa V,Tomasini-Sprenger C,Bermejo A L,et al.Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein-1 in prostate cells[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,1998,83(12):4355-62.
Jadlowiec J,Dongell D,Smith J,et al.Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a is involved in matrix mineralization of human adult mesenchymal stem cells and angiogenesis in the chick chorioallontoic membrane[J].Endocrinology,2005,146(9):3765-72.
Kanemitsu N,Kato M V,Miki T,et al.Characterization of the promoter of the murine IGFBP-7 gene[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2000,279(1):251-7.
Kiepe D,Andress D L,Mohan S,et al.Intact IGF-binding protein-4 and -5 and their respective fragments isolated from chronic renal failure serum differentially modulate IGF-Ⅰ actions in cultured growth plate chondrocytes[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2001,12(11):2400-10.
Kiepe D,Ciannatori S,Haarmann A,et al.Differential expression of IGF system components in proliferating vs.differentiating growth plate chondrocytes:the functional role of IGFBP-5[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2006,290(2):E363-71.
Kiepe D,Ciarmatori S,Hoeflich A,et al.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-Ⅰ stimulates cell proliferation and induces IGF binding protein(IGFBP)-3 and IGFBP-5 gene expression in cultured growth plate chondrocytes via distinct signaling pathways[J].Endocrinology,2005,146(7):3096-104.
Kiepe D,Ulinski T,Powell D R,et al.Differential effects of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-1,-2,-3,and -6 on cultured growth plate chondrocytes[J].Kidney Int,2002,62(5):1591-600.
Kim J G,Kim M H,Kim I S,et al.Decreased expression of IGFBP-7 mRNA in uterine leiomyomata compared with adjacent myometrium[J].Am J Reprod Immunol,2000,43(1):53-7.
Kita K,Nagao K,Taneda N,et al.Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 gene expression can be regulated by diet manipulation in several tissues of young chickens[J].J Nutr,2002,132(2):145-51
Kocamis H,Yeni Y N,Brown C U,et al.Effect of in ovo administration of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰon composition and mechanical properties of chicken bone[J].Poult Sci,2000,79(9):1345-50.
Kutsukake M,Ishihara R,Yoshie M,et al.Involvement of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein 1 in decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells[J].Mol Hum Reprod,2007,13(10):737-43.
Maor G,Karnieli E.The insulin-sensitive glucose transporter(GLUT4) is involved in early bone growth in control and diabetic mice,but is regulated through the insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor[J].Endocrinology,1999,140(4):1841-51.
Martin J A,Buckwalter J A.The role of chondrocyte-matrix interactions in maintaining and repairing articular cartilage[J].Biorheology,2000,37(1-2):129-40.
Martin J A,Scherb M B,Lembke L A,et al.Damage control mechanisms in articular cartilage:the role of the insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ axis[J].Iowa Orthop J,2000,20:1-10.
Matsumoto T,Gargosky S E,Kelley K,et al.Characterization of an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 protease produced by rat articular chondrocytes and a neuroblastoma cell line[J].Growth Regul,1996,6(3):185-90.
Matsumoto T,Gargosky S E,Oh Y,et al.Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 in rat articular chondrocytes[J].J Endocrinol,1996,148(2):355-69.
Mazzuco H,McMurtry J P,Kuo A Y,et al.The effect of pre- and postmolt diets high in n-3 fatty acids and molt programs on skeletal integrity and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ of White Leghorns[J].Poult Sci,2005,84(11):1735-49.
McCarthy T L,Ji C,Casinghino S,Centrella M.Alternate signaling pathways selectively regulate binding of insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ and Ⅱ on fetal rat bone cells[J].J Cell Biochem,1998,68(4):446-56.
McDonald T J,Nijland M J,Nathanielsz P W.The insulin-like growth factor system and the fetal brain:effects of poor maternal nutrition[J].Rev Endocr Metab Disord,2007,8(2):71-84.
McEntee G M,Simbi B H,Bayoi S A,et al.Neuromuscular stimulation causes muscle phenotype-dependent changes in the expression of thc IGFs and their binding proteins in developing slow and fast muscle of chick embryos[J].Dev Dyn,2006,235(7):1777-84.
McMurtry J P,Francis G L,Upton Z.Insulin-like growth factors in poultry[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,1997,14(4):199-229.
McMurtry J P,Rosebrough R W,Brocht D M,et al.Assessment of developmental changes in chicken and turkey insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ by homologous radioimmunoassay[J].J Endocrinol,1998, 157(3):463-73.
McQueeney K,Dealy C N.Roles of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) and IGF-Ⅰ binding protein-2(IGFBP2) and -5(IGFBP5) in developing chick limbs[J].Growth Horm IGF Res,2001,11(6):346-63.
Mizukami Y,Nonomura A,Noguchi M,et al.Effects of high and low dietary fat and indomethacin on tumour growth,hormone receptor status and growth factor expression in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer[J].Int J Tissue React,1992,14(6):269-76.
Mohan S,Linkhart T,Rosenfeld R,et al.Characterization of the receptor for insulin-like growth factor Ⅱin bone cells[J].J Cell Physiol,1989,140(1):169-76.
Montessuit C,Bonjour J P,Caverzasio J.Pi transport regulation by chicken growth plate chondrocytes.Am J Physiol,1994,267(1 Pt 1):E24-31.
Mutaguchi K,Yasumoto H,Mita K,et al.Restoration of insulin-like growth factor binding profein-related protein 1 has a tumor-suppressive activity through induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer[J].Cancer Res,2003,63(22):7717-23.
Nagpal M L,Wang D,Calkins J H,et al.Transformation and immortalization of Leydig cells from the Sprague-Dawley rat by an early genetic region of simian virus 40 DNA[J].Cell Tissue Res,1994,275(3):459-65.
Nakada T,Sasagawa I,Furuta H,et al.Effect of high-calcium diet on urinary oxalate excretion in urinary stone formers[J].Eur Urol,1988,15(3-4):264-70.
Oh Y,Nagalla S R,Yamanaka Y,et al.Synthesis and characterization of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein(IGFBP)-7.Recombinant human IGFBP-7 protein specifically binds IGF-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ[J].J Biol Chem,1996,271(48):30322-5.
Phillip M,Maor G,Assa S,et al.Testosterone stimulates growth of tibial epiphyseal growth plate and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor abundance in hypophysectomized and castrated rats[J].Endocrine,2001,16(1):1-6.
Rooman R,Koster G,Bloemen R,et al.The effect of dexamethasone on body and organ growth of normal and IGF-Ⅱ-transgenic mice[J].J Endocrinol,1999,163(3):543-52.
Rosselot G,McMurtry J P,Vasilatos-Younken R,et al.Effect of exogenous chicken growth hormone (cGH) administration on insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) gene expression in domestic fowl[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,1995,114(1-2):157-66.
Russo V C,Bach L A,Fosang A J,et al.Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 binds to cell surface proteoglycans in the rat brain olfactory bulb[J].Endocrinology,1997,138(11):4858-67.
Schiltz P M,Mohan S,Baylink D J.Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 inhibits both basal and IGF-mediated chick pelvic cartilage growth in vitro[J].J Bone Miner Res,1993,8(4):391-6.
Schmid C,Schl(a|¨)pfer I,Futo E,et al.Triiodothyronine(T3) stimulates insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-Ⅰand IGF binding protein(IGFBP)-2 production by rat osteoblasts in vitro[J].Acta Endocrinol (Copenh),1992,126(5):467-73.
Schmid C,Schl(a|¨)pfer I,Gosteli-Peter M A,et al.Expression,effects,and fate of IGFBP-5 are different in normal and malignant osteoblastic cells[J].Prog Growth Factor Res,1995,6(2-4):167-73.
Seth A,Kitching R,Landberg G,et al.Gene expression profiling of ductal carcinomas in situ and invasive breast tumors[J].Anticancer Res,2003,23(3A):2043-51.
Shao L,Huang Q,Luo M,et al.Detection of the differentially expressed gene IGF-binding protein-related protein-1 and analysis of its relationship to fasting glucose in Chinese colorectal cancer patients[J].Endocr Relat Cancer,2004,11(1):141-8.
Ski S,Robey P G,Gronthos S.Comparison of human dental pulp and bone marrow stromal stem cells by cDNA microarray analysis[J].Bone,2001,29(6):532-9.
Shinar D M,Endo N,Halperin D,et al.Differential expression of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)and IGF-Ⅱ messenger ribonucleic acid in growing rat bone[J].Endocrinology,1993,132(3):1158-67.
Smink J J,Gresnigt M G,Hamers N,et al.Short-term glucocorticoid treatment of prepubertal mice decreases growth and IGF-Ⅰ expression in the growth plate[J].J Endocrinol,2003,177(3):381-8.
Straus D S,Takemoto C D.Specific decrease in liver insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and brain insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ gene expression in energy-restricted rats[J].J Nutr,1991,121(8):1279-86.
Swisshelm K,Ryan K,Tsuchiya K,et al.Enhanced expression of an insulin growth factor-like binding protein(IGFBP-7) in senescent human mammary epitholial cells and induced expression with retinoic acid[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1995,92(10):4472-6.
Takaoka M,Kim S H,Okawa T,Michaylira C Z,et al.IGFBP-3 regulates esophageal tumor growth through IGF-dependent and independent mechanisms[J].Cancer Biol Ther,2007,6(4):534-40.
Toda K,Miyaura C,Okada T,et al.Dietary bisphenol A prevents ovarian degeneration and bone loss in female mice lacking the aromatase gene(Cyp19)[J].Eur J Biochem,2002,269(8):2214-22.
Usui T,Murai T,Tanaka T,Yamaguchi K et al.Characterization of IGFBP-7/angiomodulin expression by high endothelial venule cells in lymphoid tissues and its identification as an inducible marker for activated endothelial cells[J],Int Immunol,2002,14(11):1273-82.
Verschure P J,van Marle J,Joosten L A,et al.Localization and quantification of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in mouse articular cartilage by confocal laser scanning microscopy[J].J Histochem Cytochem,1994,42(6):765-73.
Wajapeyee N,Serra R W,Zhu X,et al.Oncogenic BRAF induces senescence and apoptosis through pathways mediated by the secreted protein IGFBP7[J].Cell,2008,132(3):363-74.
Wang E,Wang J,Chin E,et al.Cellular patterns of insulin-like growth factor system gene expression in murine chondrogenesis and osteogenesis[J].Endocrinology,1995,136(6):2741-51.
Wang J,Eltoum I E,Lamartiniere C A.Genistein alters growth factor signaling in transgenic prostate model(TRAMP)[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,2004a,219(1-2):171-80.
Wang J,Zhou J,Cheng C M,et al.Evidence supporting dual,IGF-Ⅰ-independent and IGF-Ⅰ-dependent,roles for GH in promoting longitudinal bone growth[J].J Endocrinol,2004b,180(2):247-55.
Wargelius A,Fjelldal P G,Benedet S,et al.A peak in gh-receptor expression is associated with growth activation in Atlantic salmon vertebrae,while upregulation of igf-Ⅰ receptor expression is related to increased bone density[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,2005,15;142(1-2):163-8.
Watkins B A,Shen C L,Allen K G,et al.Dietary(n-3) and(n-6) polyunsaturates and acetylsalicylic acid alter ex vivo PGE2 biosynthesis,tissue IGF-Ⅰ levels,and bone morphometry in chicks[J].J Bone Miner Res,1996,11(9):1321-32.
Whitfield H J,Bruni C B,Frunzio R,et al.Isolation of a cDNA clone encoding rat insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ precursor[J].Nature,1984,312(5991):277-80.
Yl(o|¨)nen R,Kyr(o|¨)nlahti T,Sund M,et al.Type ⅩⅢ collagen strongly affects bone formation in transgenic mice[J].J Bone Miner Res,2005,20(8):1381-93.
Yonemitsu I,Muramoto T,Soma K.The influence of masseter activity on rat mandibular growth[J].Arch Oral Biol,2007,52(5):487-93.
Zhao X,Unterman T G,Donovan S M.Human growth hormone but not human insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ enhances recovery from neonatal malnutrition in rats[J].J Nutr,1995,125(5):1316-27.