摘要
牛至油(Oil origanum)是植物牛至(Oregano)的提取物，为一种绿色、高效、安全的添加剂；黄霉素(Flavomycin)是一种动物专用的添加剂，莫能菌素(Monensin)是一种聚醚类抗生素。牛至油和黄霉素联合应用即添加剂Ⅰ，牛至油和莫能菌素联合应用即添加剂Ⅱ。在每千克饲料中，添加剂Ⅰ按牛至油25mg／kg，黄霉素8mg／kg剂量添加；添加剂Ⅱ按牛至油25mg／kg，莫能菌素50mg／kg剂量添加，用于20头中国荷斯坦奶牛(China Holstein)的饲养中。实验共分三组，添加剂Ⅰ组添加剂Ⅰ，添加剂Ⅱ组添加添加剂Ⅱ(分别7头)，并设对空白照组(6头)，进行了60天的对比饲养实验。研究结果表明，在整个实验期间，与对照组相比，添加剂Ⅰ组和添加剂Ⅱ组的产乳量分别提高了28.12％和17.92％，添加剂Ⅰ组的奶产量比添加剂Ⅱ组提高了8.65％；添加剂Ⅰ组和添加剂Ⅱ组的平均乳脂率分别提高了14.62％和14.20％，添加剂Ⅰ组的平均乳脂率比添加剂Ⅱ组提高了0.31％；添加剂Ⅰ组和添加剂Ⅱ组的蛋白率分别提高了12.50％和11.92％，添加剂Ⅰ组的蛋白率比添加剂Ⅱ组提高了5.51％；添加剂Ⅰ组和添加剂Ⅱ组的干物质分别提高了5.74％和5.84％，添加剂Ⅰ组的干物质比添加剂Ⅱ组降低了0.09％；添加剂Ⅰ组和添加剂Ⅱ组的乳糖分别降低了2.58％和1.92％，添加剂Ⅰ组的乳糖比添加剂Ⅱ组降低了0.65％；添加剂Ⅰ组和添加剂Ⅱ组的奶产量和质量均优于对照组(P＜0.05)，添加剂Ⅰ组和添加剂Ⅱ组之间奶产量和质量无明显差异(P＞0.05)。添加剂Ⅰ组奶的产量和质量略高于添加剂Ⅱ组，但差异不显著。添加剂Ⅰ组在防治隐性乳房炎方面效果显著。
在我国加入世界贸易组织之后，人民对生活质量的要求提高，提供理想的绿色食品的要求呼声越来越高，又现实的奶牛生产中没有一种理想添加剂可供选择。因此特选本课题，综合评价牛至油和黄霉素等联合应用，在我国奶牛饲养管理条件下，对提高牛奶的产量和质量以及预防隐性乳房炎的效果。为我国奶业应用牛至油等提供科学依据，加速我国奶业的健康发展。
The groWth promoters of anibiotic to domestic animal has been discovered
by Stockstad et al in tWenty forties. Primarily, antibiotic was mostly used in
poutw and stock.with the raPid development of cow industy and the deePer
research in dairy cattle in the world, antibiotic has been widely used to retrain
the enter pathogenic microorsanism and to improve the digest absorb power of
cellulose in ramen in USA and E.E.C (Europe Economic Community).
NoWadays, antibiotic as growth promoters was not widely tised in dairy cattle for
the POor cow industry in our country not to say the on residual additive such as
Ropadiap Flavomycin. It is necessny to research and develop a new growth
promoter additive specially used is dairy cattle to accelerate the develope of our
counny cow induStry
There are 20 China HoIstein cows used in this experiment divided intO three
groups. The whole feed experiment period is 60 days. The treatment and cow
number of each group is as fol1ows: Group l (OiI origanum and flavomycin.7),
GrouP II (Oil origanum and Monesin,7) Group III (Control grouP,6). The
result of the exPeriment is: there are improvement obviously of milk production,
milk fat otio,milk protein ratio of GI,G H compared with GnI, The difference is
significan (P<0.05).The milk production, milk fat ratio,miIk protein ratio and
dry matt6r improved of GI,G II are separate 28.l2% and l7.92%, l4.62% and
l4.20%, l2.50% and ll.92%, 5.74% and 5.84% compared with GIII. The milk
production and quaity of GI,G II are suPer than GflI. And GI is a bit super than
G IIbut there on significan different betWeen GI and G II(P<0.05).GI has a
significam effect on prevent and cure subclinical mastitis.
Oil origanum is exstract from a kind of plan named oregano, Its
commodity name is Ropadiar Oil origanum is an ideal additive for itS no drug
withdraw Period, and obviously improved miIk production and quality effective
-2-
to the subclinical mastitis. With China joined the World Trade Organization and the wove improving people's living condition, the move claimed for green and no polluted food Oil origanum for its green, high effect, safety is suit for this demand. This research is to synthesis value the Oil origanum and flavomycin effect milk production and quality subclinical mastitis so as to offer the science basis of application of Oil origanum et al to accelerate milk industry healthy development in China.
Postgraduate: Liguo Yuan Major: Basic Veterinary Medicin
Tutor: Prof. Hengmin Tong
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