摘要
近年来,美国中小学面临着教师质量和数量的双重压力。在这种情况下,社区学院开展了一定数量的教师教育项目,取得了良好的效果。本文以美国社区学院教师教育项目产生发展的背景为起点,着重介绍了目前社区学院实施的几种不同形式的教师教育项目,对其产生的原因、发展的概况及效果进行了评述。通过对美国社区学院教师教育项目的研究,可以从中窥探出社区学院适应社会需要的办学特色。
全文共分为五个部分:
第一部分就美国社区学院开展教师教育项目的背景及原因进行了说明。严重的教师流失率及学生人数的增长使得美国的教师需求量不断增加,尤其是在一些特定地区和特定学科,师资短缺问题尤其严重。社区学院在地理、师资、招生背景等各方面的天然优势让社区学院在教师教育方面开始发挥作用。
第二部分介绍美国社区学院主要实施的几种不同形式的教师教育项目。从提供教师教育项目所要求的入门性课程到独立的教师教育领域的学士学位,社区学院用他们所提供的多种类型的教师准备项目来证明社区学院在教师教育方面的灵活性和敏感性。但同时,社区学院实施的教师教育项目也面临着许多艰巨的挑战。
第三部分总结了社区学院教师教育项目实施的重要意义。社区学院教师教育计划的开展既扩展了社区学院对国家和社区的作用,也使社区学院通过教师教育计划进一步提高了自己的地位和声誉。在缓解地区师资短缺压力的同时也扩展了培养教师的途径。
第四部分针对社区学院教师教育项目面临的挑战总结出了一些经验和建议。首先要充分保证社区学院教师教育项目的质量:其次,在社区学院教师教育项目的支持上,州应该发挥积极作用;此外,社区学院教师教育项目要积极建立多方的合作关系以及获得相关机构的认证。
结语部分通过对社区学院各项教师教育项目的研究归纳总结出社区学院的一些办学特点。
The American traditional teacher education mode can not bear dual pressure of teacher's quality and quantity. Community colleges develop teacher education programs and obtain a good effect. This paper's beginning point is the background of produce and development of community college teacher education program, and it introduces general situation of some different teacher education programs which are taken by nowadays community college. And it also comments on the various programs. We can pry into the school-running characteristics by researching American community college's teacher education program.
The whole paper can be divided into five parts, as follow:
The first part explains the background and reason for teacher education program which is developed by U.S. community college. The serious lose-rate of teacher and the increasing-rate of student's number make the demanding of teacher increase constantly. The shortage of teacher problem is more serious in some certain districts and subjects. Community college's natural advantages in the aspect of geography and students-recruiting background make it play function in the field of teacher education.
The second part introduces some different kinds of teacher education programs which are taken by American community college. From the induction course to the bachelor's degree, the community college proves its flexibility and sensitivity by those multi-types teachers prepare programs. Meanwhile, the teacher education program taken by the community college also faces some arduous challenges.
The third part summarizes the significant meaning of community college teacher education program. The development of community college teacher education program not only enlarges its function to nation and community, but also further raises its status and reputations by the teacher education program. It slows down the pressure of the shortage of teacher of district while enlarges the approaches of teacher-cultivating.
In the forth part, the author sums up some experiences and suggestions which is for the challenge the community college teacher education program faced. Firstly, we should sufficiently assure its quality. And then, with its support, the state must bring into play its active function. At last, the community college teacher education program must establish active symbiosis with many sides and also obtain the accreditation of correlative organizations.
At last, the ending part summarizes some school-running characteristics according to community college teacher education programs we have introduced before.
引文
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