摘要
石油井下动态压力测试是评估射孔器优劣的一个主要手段，在民用爆破器材设计以及石油井下射孔和煤层气射孔领域等有广泛的应用。针对目前石油井下射孔压力信号特点不明确，缺乏理论指导等问题，本文进行了以下方面的研究，包括石油井下环空压力测试数据分析、建立射孔弹爆轰理论模型和压力测试系统模型、射孔信号的虚拟测试技术、射孔枪内压力测试系统方案研究以及测试中遇到的温度效应和管道效应的分析。
本文目的是研究射孔弹爆炸信号特点，建立其数学模型，对测试中的关键技术加以分析，以为石油井下压力测试仪的研制提供理论依据，改善井下压力测试目前混、乱、杂的现象。
本文采用理论分析、计算机仿真、实验室和现场试验相结合的方法，开展了以下几个方面的研究工作，并对其中一些问题进行了创新性研究：
(1)广泛检索了国内外关于石油井下压力测试的相关文献，了解到石油井下压力测试技术还不完善，尤其是关于枪内压力测试技术方面的文献很少，本文建立了井下射孔压力信号模型并确立了枪内压力测试的研究方向。
(2)通过对不同射孔器所采用的石油井下环空射孔压力测试数据分析，解释了不同射孔器的射孔机理，并对其优劣进行了评定。
(3)结合炸药的爆轰理论，分析了射孔弹爆轰信号的特点，建立了虚拟测试模型，提出了枪内压力测试系统的采样策略要求和传感器的选择要求，并对其壳体保护电路做了理论研究和ANSYS仿真分析，提出了枪内压力测试仪的设计方案。
(4)针对井下高温环境所导致的测试中的温漂问题进行分析，对测压器的热零点漂移实现软件补偿。
(5)分析测压器的传压孔的管道效应问题，计算出测压器传压管道的固有频率，为动态测试中传压管道的设计提供了理论依据。
The downhole dynamic pressure test is one of the main means to assess the perforatorquality, which has a wide application in the civilian blasting equipment design and oil wellperforating and the perforating fields of coal seam gas. At present, in view of the problemthat oil well perforating pressure signal characteristics are not clear and lack of theoreticalguidance, this article has carried on the study of following aspects which include the test dataanalysis of petroleum downhole annulus pressure ,the establishment of perforating bombdetonation theory model and test system transfer model, the virtual test technology ofperforating signal , the research Scheme of perforating gun pressure testing system and theanalysis of temperature effect and pipeline effect that encountered in the test.
The purpose of this paper is to study the perforator bombing signal and to establish amathematical model to analyze the key technologies of the test. This paper provides thetheory basis for the design of the oil pressure test instrument, which will improve the mixed,random and miscellaneous phenomenon of the downhole pressure test.
In this paper, by the theoretical analysis, the computer simulation and the laboratory andfield test, we have done some research work as follows, and then conducted innovativeresearch on some problems in them.
(1) By extensive retrieval on the domestic and foreign related literature of the oildownhole pressure test, we know that the oil downhole pressure test technology is not perfect,especially the literature about gun pressure testing technology is very few, and then weestablish the signal model of the downhole perforating pressure and make a direction inresearch on the pressure testing in gun.
(2) According to analyzing the testing data of oil downhole annular perforation pressuremeasured by different perforating devices, we explained the perforating mechanism ondifferent perforators, the advantages and disadvantages of which were also assessed.
(3) In combination with explosive detonation theory, we analyzed of the signalcharacteristics in the process of perforating, establishing a virtual test model, and put forwardthe requirements of sampling strategy and selection of sensor about pressure test system ingun. We also done theoretical research of the circuit- protected shell and made simulation byANSYS software, and came up with the design scheme of the in-gun pressure tester.
(4) We analyzed the temperature drift question caused by the high temperatureenvironment in the test, and applied software compensation to the thermal zero drift of thepressure measuring device.
(5) We analyzed the effect of pipeline in pressure transmission pipeline when measuring,calculated the natural frequency of pressure transmission pipeline of pressure measuringdevice, and provided theoretical basis for pressure transmission pipeline design in thedynamic test.
引文
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