摘要
射孔是在含油段井壁上射开孔,使油层流体流入井内的主要完井工序之一,高能气体压裂能使射孔的缝隙增多变长,增强渗透性提高产量。射孔和压裂的效果直接关系到油井的产量,如果工艺不当还有可能导致油井报废,大量的前期投入将会白白浪费。射孔、压裂及地层压力恢复过程的压力数据,对研究油气层特征,分析射孔压裂的完井效果,制定合理的施工工艺,为射孔枪的系统设计提供实验依据等都有重要的现实意义。要在5000m深的石油井下,实时实况测取射孔枪爆炸时的动态参数,仪器应能在150℃温度下长期工作,可耐静压50MPa,在±50000g的冲击加速度下可靠采样,使用电池供电,功耗尽量小,受井筒尺寸限制直径小于80mm,并具有合理的采样策略以满足测试需要。
进一步分析和验证了油井测压器的工作流程,结合井下测试新的需求设计新型石油井下动态测试系统的两种工作模式的采样策略,模式一:四次两环境采样;模式二:单次三环境采样。设计和完善了基于CPLD的电路的控制逻辑和工作时序,克服了电路中可能发生的“竞争、冒险”。设计了电路的数字触发功能,能有效避免误触发。在采样开始后,随时可以读数,提高了实用性。重新设计了电源电路,采用了基于电荷泵原理的DC-DC变换器,研究了滤除电源变换器本征噪声技术,用单一大容量电池实现3种不同电压的正负电源供电,电池的供电能力成倍增加,电池结构大为简单,克服了3种电源不正确上电顺序操作造成的烧毁电路模块的危险,并解决了上电时编程数据丢失的问题。根据现场应用中出现的问题以及客户要求对测试系统进行改进,提高了可靠性,逐步实现了专用仪器的工程化。
新型石油井下测试仪研制成功以后,先后在大庆油田,辽河油田,川南机械厂,通源公司验收成功,对井下常规、外挂、下挂、延缝各种施工方式进行了测试,取得大量数据,证明该仪器具有工作可靠,抗干扰能力强,耐高温,高压,操作简便,高精度等优点。
Perforation is used to make a hole in the segment containing oil of the oilwell,thus the liquid of oil layer can flow to the well. Gas burned by explosive can make fracture greater and longer , result in penetrability highten and output advanced. The effect of perforation and fracturation have derect ralation to the output of the oilwell. If the improper technics of them is used ,the well may be damaged and expensive prophase investment will wasted. The pressure data of the process of perforating,fracturing, restitution of the oil layer is crucial information for oil and gas field exploitation. It is of great use for studying the character of the oil layer , analysing the effect of the perforating and fracturing , making proper operating technics and providing datum for system design of stimgun. To test the dynamic parameter of the exploding stimgun in real time and real condition down the 5000m oilwell,the instrument should work well in the condition of 150℃,statstic pressure 50 MPa,±50000g acceleration.At the same time ,it consumes small power,diameter should less than 80mm, and have proper sampling strategy to satisfy test demand.
Analyse and validate the work flow of the downhole pressure-test instrument farther more. Combined with the new need of downhole logging , sampling strategy with two modes are studied and designed for downhole dynamic test system ,mode 1: 4-time and 2-condition;mode 2: 1-time and 3-condition. The control logic and timing of the curcuit based on CPLD are designed and revised, resolve the“competetion and risk”in the cuicurt. Designed the digital trigger funtion , avioding error trigger. Data of the gauge can be read in any time,which is very usefull. The power supply is redesigned ,using DC-DC converter based on charge pump, and technic for filter the self-produced noise in the power converter.Make 3 different voltage power supplies using one big capability battery come ture , enlarging the power supply of the battery.With the structure of the batteries much more simple, avoid the risk of damige the curcuit when operate the 3 power supplies in false order. Problem of lose of programming data when power up is settled. Testing system is improved based on problems encontered in oil field and client request, making reliability higher , achieved the special instrument easy to use step by step.
After the new-type test and measurement instrument have been developed, many corporations ordered it ,and DaQing, LiaoHe, ChuanNan comperny, TongYuan Ltd. have check and accept our products. Four type perforation : normal, out-hang, down-hang, extend aperture etc. are tested, acquire a lot of datum . It is tested that the gauge have very good work credibility and anti-jamming ability, can resist high-temperature and high-pressure with easy handling and high precision.
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