高氟低碘对子代大鼠生长发育及脑组织的影响
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
[目的]研究高氟、低碘导致学习记忆障碍的相关机制及氟碘相互作用的关系,为制定针对性的预防措施,减少氟中毒、低碘病的流行提供重要的理论依据。
     [方法]采用低碘区粮食作为饲料,饮用100mg/L氟化钠去离子水,分别建立高氟、低碘、高氟低碘组Wistar大鼠,生产子代。在其0、10、20、30、60、90d时,采用被动回避实验(跳台法)检测大鼠学习记忆能力的改变,处死大鼠后,在对其脑组织形态进行观察的基础上,测定其相关生化指标。
     [结果]相关分析表明:高氟、低碘对不同日龄大鼠学习记忆能力、脑组织病理形态以及神经生化指标的改变影响较大,尤其在大鼠发育期效果明显。
     (1)高氟组和低碘组大鼠大脑皮质及海马内有较多神经元核固缩、核溶解及细胞轮廓不清晰。高氟低碘组,有大量神经元出现核固缩、核溶解、锥体突明显拉长等现象,并且在大鼠发育期内尤其明显。
     (2)与正常组大鼠相比,各试验组大鼠在5min内学习错误次数(EN1)和24h后的5min内错误次数(EN2)均显著增加(P<0.05)。被动回避的潜伏期时间均显著减少(P<0.05)。高氟低碘组大鼠比高氟组、低碘组的EN1、EN2均显著增加,ST有不同程度的减少,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
     (3)高氟组体重、TchE及MAO活性呈下降趋势,其中10日龄时体重降低显著;10、20和30日龄时TchE活性降低显著。脑重、MDA、H_2O_2、NO及总抗氧化能力呈先降低后升高趋势,其中10和20日龄时脑重降低明显(P<0.05);10日龄时MDA和H_2O_2显著升高(P<0.05);NO在10日龄升高及90日龄降低均显著(P<0.05)。甲状腺、SOD、CAT和NOS呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中10日龄时甲状腺降低明显(P<0.05);NOS在0日龄时升高明显(P<0.05),90日龄时降低显著(P<0.05)。
    
     (4)低碘组体重、脑重、蛋白含量及TchE和N0活性均呈下降趋势,其
    中10日龄时体重及0日龄时脑重均明显下降(P<0.05);10、20日龄时
    蛋白含量、0和90日龄时TchE活性显著降低及10和20日龄N0活性均下降
    明显(P<0.05).甲状腺重量、MDA含量、CAT和NOS活性呈先升高后降低
    趋势,其中,0、10、30日龄时MDA含量和0、10、60日龄时NOS活性均升
    高明显(P<0.05);10和20日龄时CAT活性下降明显(P<0.05).总杭
    氧化能力、SOD活性、H202含量呈现升高一降低一升高的变化趋势。
     (5)高氟低碘组体重、脑重、甲状腺重、蛋白含量、H202含量、NOS活
    性均呈先升高后降低趋势,其中0日龄时体重及O、10、20、30日龄时蛋白
    含量明显降低(P<0.05);20日龄时脑重和30、90日龄时NOS活性升高显
    著(P<0.05):H202含量在20、30日龄时降低明显(P<0.05),60日龄时
    升高明显(P<0.05).TchE、MAO及SOD活性呈先升高后降低趋势,其中TchE
    活性在10日龄时升高明显(P<0.05),30、60、90日龄时降低明显(P<
    0.05):90日龄时MAO活性显著下降(P<0.05):0、10、20、30日龄时
    SOD活性明显升高(P<0.05)。MDA含量呈升高趋势,其中20、30、60日龄
    时升高显著(P<0.05)。以T活性呈降低一升高一降低的变化趋势,其中在10、
    20、90日龄时均降低显著(P<0.05)。总杭氧化能力在0、20、60日龄时
    显著升高(P<0.05),10、30、90日龄时均降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
     [结论1(1)过量氟可损伤大鼠脑组织,影响其脑的发育,并且可加重碘
    的不足;(2)高氟、低碘对大鼠大脑作用时间应在大鼠脑发育期内或之前。
     (3)氟碘通过多种机制影响脑的发育,干扰中枢神经递质的降解及转运过程,
    影响N0信使系统正常运行是其主要机制。
[Objective] The mechanism of learning and memory impairment in rat induced by fluoride and iodine deficiency and correlation of fluoride and iodine were studied, to provide the important and scientific basis for the specific prevention of fluorosis and iodine deficiency.
    [Method] Filial generation of rats were used as experimental objections, which parents were Wistar rats treated with fluoride, iodine deficiency, and fluoride and iodine deficiency respectively. Groups fluoride drunk double-distilled water added NaF l00mg/L. Groups iodine deficiency fed forager from the area of low iodine. Groups fluoride and iodine deficiency drunk double distilled water added NaF l00mg/L and fed forager from the area of low iodine. When filial rats were at 0,10,20,60,90-day-age, the step-down test was performed to measure the learning and memory abilities of rats, and the changes of pathological state in cerebrum were observed by microscope. At the same time, some related biochemical items were detected.
    [Result] Rusults of analysis showed that fluoride and iodine deficiency had effects on learning and memory abilities, pathological state in cerebrum, and all neuro-biochemical items of rats at different ages. The effects were more significant at the stage of development.
    (1) There are a few of nerve cells , which are Chromatin dense stain, pyknosin, and cell figure eligible , in the cortex and hippocampus of brains of rats in groups fluoride and Groups iodine deficiency, there are Chromatin dense stain, pyknosin, and peak tree projecting elongate in the large of nerve cells of rats treated with fluoride and iodine deficiency , particular during the stage of development.
    (2) Contracted with normal rats, EN1 and EN2 of the experimental filial rats added significantly (P<0.05). And ST reduced obviously (P<0.05). EN1 and EN2 of the experimental filial rats in groups fluoride and iodine deficiency were the highest in all groups (P<0.05). And ST reduced obviously (P>0.05 ).
    (3) In the groups treated with fluoride, body weight, the activity of TchE and MAO were decreased. Body weight and the activity of TchE were obvious lower than the controls at 10-day-age (P<0.05). Brain weight, MDA, H_(2)O_(2), NO and the capacity of total antioxidation were decreased firstly, and then increased. Brain weights were decreased significantly at 10,20-day-age (P<0.05). At 10,20-day-age, the change of brain weights was opposition. NO were decreased obviously at 10,90-day-age (P<0.05). Thyroid gland weight, SOD, CAT and NOS were increased firstly, and then increased. And Thyroid gland weights were decreased
    
    
    
    significantly at 10-day-age (F<0.05); NOS were increased obviously at' 0-day-age (P<0.01). A day-age, the change of NOS was opposition.
    (4) In the groups done with low iodine, body weight , brain weight, the content of protein , the activity of TchE and NO were decreased. Body weight at 10-day-age and brain weight at 0-day-age were decreased significantly (P<0.05); the content of protein at 10,20-day-age, the activity of TchE at 0,90-day-age and the activity of NO at 10,20-day-age were decreased obviously (P<0.05). Thyroid gland weight, the content of MDA, CAT and the activity of NOS were increased firstly, then decreased. And the content of MDA at 0,10,30-day-age and the activity of NOS at 0,10,60-day-age were increased significantly (P<0.05); The activity of CAT at 10,20-day-age were decreased obviously (P<0.05). The capability of total antioxidation, the activity of SOD and the content of H_(2)O_(2) showed the tendency: being increased-decreased-increased.
    (5) In the groups treated with high fluoride and low iodine, body weight, brain weight, Thyroid gland weight, the content of protein and H_(2)O_(2), the activity of NOS showed being increased firstly, then being decreased. And the body weight at 0-day-age and the content of protein at 0,10,20-day-age were decreased significantly (P<0.05); Brain weight at 20-day-age and the activity of NOS at 30,90-day-age were increased obviously (P<0.05); The content of H_(2)O_(2) were d
引文
1.王环增,沈尔礼,侯培森等.中国地方性氟中毒防治工作进展[M].第20届国际氟研究协会讨论会论文集,中国 北京 1994:23-25
    2.殷大奎.在全国防治地方性氟中毒(砷中毒)改水工作经验交流会上的讲话[J].中国地方病学杂志,2001,20(4):241-244
    3. Shivarajashankara YM, Shivashankara AR, Hanumanth Rao S, at al. Oxidative stress in childre with endemic skeletal fluorosis[J]. fluoride, 2001, 34(2): 103-107
    4.李广生,徐辉,康挺等.氟中毒与氧化应激[J].中国地方病学杂志2001,20(2):148-150
    5.井玲,邵宗俊,任立群等.氟中毒大鼠肝细胞调亡研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,1999,18(2):84-86
    6.杨文秀,于燕妮,刘家骝等.SOD诱生剂对慢性氟中毒大鼠脑损伤的拮抗作用[J].中国地方病学杂志,1998,17(3):101-104
    7.管考鹏,王志成,富德等.SOD配合物对过量摄氟大鼠肝肾损害保护作用的形态学研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,1999,18(5):323-325
    8. Rzeuski R, Chlubek D, Machoy Z. Interaction between fluoride and biological free radical reaction[J]. fluoride, 1998, 31(4): 43-44
    9. Shivarajashankara YM, Shivashankara AR, Hanumanth Rao S, at al. Effect of fluoride intioxdant systems in rats[J]. fluoride, 2001, 34(2): 108-113
    10.任立群,李广生,孙波.中长期慢性氟中毒对大鼠骨转换影响及机理研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,1998,17(2):75-78
    11.陈友发,王俊东.硒弹对工业氟污染区山羊有关血清酶及免疫机能的影响[J].环境科学,1991,12(1):41-44
    12.边建朝,刘永平,杨晓霞等.氟中毒大鼠服硒对体内氟及抗氧化酶和脂类影响的实验研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,1999,18(2):93-96
    13.杨晓霞,叶平,边建朝等.氟中毒大鼠骨形态计量学分析及硒的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志,1999,18(5):334-337
    14.韩博,史言,梁俭.地方性氟病对黄牛自由基损伤及硒铜镁保护作用机理的研究[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(6):80-87
    15.韩博,史言.环境对黄牛高氟低硒低铜综合征的影响[J].农业环境保护,1999,18(4):172-174
    16.魏赞道.近年来国外氟研究进展[J].中国地方病防治杂志,1990,9(1):49-55
    
    
    17.王俊东,李敬玺.影响氟中毒进程及病变的若干因素[J].中国兽医杂志,1993,19(9):49-50
    18.刘晓松.氟与铜、铁、镁元素在动物机体内相关性的研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,1994,3:10-12
    19.赵晶,康世良.氟与铜、锌、硒、碘的生物学相关效应[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1999,9:32-34
    20.王俊东,李敬玺.氟化钠对家兔体内某些元素的影响[J].中国兽医科技,1989,7:30-32
    21.白雪涛.锌锰钼对大鼠氟骨沉积的阻断作用[J].中国地方病防治杂志,1993,8(5):267-269
    22.白雪涛,仝克光.氟对大鼠培养心肌细胞的毒性及锌锰钼的拮抗作用[J].中国地方病学杂志,1995.14(1):21-24
    23.王俊东,李敬玺.药物防治动物氟中毒的研究[J].畜牧与兽医,1991,23(3):136-137
    24.何菁,丁角立,呙于明.氟与一些营养因子的关系[J].饲料工业,1997,18(2):16-19
    25.李福成,吴非,张华等.高氟促成铝蓄积与过量铝危害的实验研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,1999,16(2):15-17
    26. Lu Y, Sun ZR, Wu ZN, et al. Effect of high-fluoride water on intelligence in childen[J].Fluoride, 2000,33(2):74-78
    27. Jaqueline Calderon, Machado Blenda, Navarro Marielena, et al. Influence of fluoride expoxure on reaction time and visuospatial organization in childe epidemiology[J].2000,11(4):51-53
    28. Brunce spittle. Fluoride and intellence[J].Fluoride, 2000, 33(2): 49-51
    29. Tokar Ⅵ, Voroshnin VV, Sherbakov sv. Chronic effects of fluorides on the pituitary-thyroid system in industrial workers[J]. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 1989. 9: 19-22
    30.姚政民.微量元素与地方性氟中毒关系的调查研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,1992.11(2):100-102
    31. Jooste PL, Weight MJ, Kriek JA, et al Eur endemic goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Provice of South Africa. [J] Clin Nutr, 1999, 53(1): 8-12
    32. Zhao W, Zhu H, Yu Z. ct al Long-term effects of various iodine and fluoride dose on the thyroid and fluorosis in mice[J].Endocr Regul, 1998, 32(2): 63-70
    33.全国饲料工业标准化技术委员会,中国饲料工业协会编.饲料工业标准汇编(上
    
    册)[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1996:72-74,119-122
    34.庄宗杰,钟复光,刘家骝.GR-2低碘饲料的研究[J].贵阳医学院学报,1987,12(4):305-309
    35.何汉,陈在射,刘维群.氟对人胎儿的影响[J].中国地方病防治杂志,1989,4(3):136-138
    36.谭郁彬.氟对机体代谢及各系统的影响[J].中国地方病防治杂志,1994.9(4):230-231
    37.官志忠,于燕妮,刘家骝.慢性氟中毒大鼠所生仔鼠大脑形态学改变的研究[J].中华病理学杂志,1986,15(4):297-299
    38. Huo Daijie. Further observation on radiological changes of endemic foodborne skeletal fluorosis[J]. Fluoride, 1984, 17(1): 9
    39.李杰,杨茜,李秀贞等.高氟对人体DNA稳定性的影响[J] 中国地方病学杂志 1991.17(1):129-130
    40.郭守祥,李立戈,崔汝珍等.甲状腺激素缺乏时胚胎发育期间脑微管蛋白合成的影响[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,1989,5(2):100-101
    41.陈祖培,马泰,朱学良等.碘缺乏对鼠中枢神经系统发育的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志,1988,7(1):14-16
    42.刘秀 综述,陈瑞冠审校.甲状腺激素和脑发育[J].《国外医学》内分泌学分册,1994,14(1):16-18
    43.刘家慧,张桂华,闫玉芹等.碘缺乏阻碍大鼠小脑胶质细胞的发育[J].中国地方病学杂志,1996,15(2):82-85
    44. Sha shi. Biochemical effects of fluoride on thyroid gland during experimental fluorosis[J]. Fluoride, 1988, 21(3):127-130
    45. Monsour PA. Effect of fluoride on soft tissues in vertebrates[J].Fluoride, 1985, 18(1): 53-61
    46.刘国艳,柴春彦,康世良.氟对动物甲状腺的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1999,7:43-44
    47. MclarenJR. Fluorideand thyroid gland (Editorial) [J]. Fluoride 1969. 2:192-194
    48. Desai VK. Epidemiological study of goitre in endanic fluorosis district of GUJARAT[J].Fluoride, 1993, 26(3): 187-190
    49.于燕妮,官志忠,刘家骝.慢性氟中毒对甲状腺的影响[J].中华医学杂志,1985.65(12):747-749
    50. Ogilvie AL, Histological finding in the kidney, liver, aucreas, ardrenal and thyroid glands of the rats following sodium fluoride administration[J]. Dent
    
    Res,1953,32:386-397
    51.刘国艳,柴春彦,康世良.氟对鸡甲状腺组织结构的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志 2001,20(2):90-91
    52. Hillman D. Hyothyroidism and anemia related to fluoride in darirycattle[J]. Dairy Science, 1979, 62: 416-423
    53. Juvenal GJ. Role of neurotransmitters, prostoglandins and glucoseon recursor incorporation into the RNA of thyroid slices[J]. Acla Endocrinologica 1978. 87: 776-785
    54.万选才,杨天祝,徐承焘主编.现代神经生物学[M].北京:北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1999:127-143
    55.刘洁生,谢丽玲,洪岸等.神经元烟碱乙酰胆碱受体受阻滞所导致老年痴呆动物模型的建立[J].卫生研究,1999,28(4):32-35
    56.陈雁铭,白雪涛.氟致大鼠全血胆碱酯酶活力升高及锌锰钼拮抗作用机理探讨[J].中国地方病防治杂志,1995,10(1):1
    57.孙增荣,刘风贞,吴丽娜等.高氟饮水对小鼠脑功能的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志 2000,19(1):262-263
    58.戴国钧.地方性氟中毒[M].内蒙古:内蒙古人民出版社,1985,100-101
    59.温新平,桑志萍,陈永祥等.氟对胆碱酯酶活性和乙酰胆碱含量的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志,1998,17(1):54-56
    60.高秋菊,张世勇.碘对中枢神经递质影响及与学习记忆的关系[J].中国地方病学杂志 2001,20(4):315-316
    61.王玲芳,王秀红.碘对智力发育影响机理研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,2001.20(1):64-66
    62.周振荣,于全河.缺碘对脑发育影响的研究概况[J].中国地方病防治杂志,1997.12(1):29-31
    63.万选才,杨天祝,徐承焘主编.现代神经生物学[M].北京:北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1999:127-143
    64.于燕妮,杨文秀,董仲等.地方性氟病病区胎儿大脑神经递质与受体的变化[J].中国地方病学杂志,1996,15(5):257-259
    65.贾和平.氟中毒神经系统直接损害的研究进展[J].中国地方病学杂志,2000,19(2):155-156
    66.邢风有,杨万岭,刘宝刚等.缺碘对发育期大鼠脑单胺类神经递质的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志,1993,12(4):203-205
    
    
    67. Rastogi RB, Singhal RL. Alterations in brain norepinephrine and serotonin metabolism following experimental hypothyroidism induced by methimazale[J]. Endocrine Res, Commun, 1974, 1: 261-270
    68.郝钟林,洪玫,陈祖培等.严重碘缺乏导致的大鼠多巴胺神经系统损害[J].中国地方病学杂志,1990,9(1):25-28
    69.朱燕凌,刘用璋,肖建英等.大鼠脑单胺氧化酶对甲状腺激素反应的实验研究[J]中国地方病学杂志,2001,20(1):26-27
    70. Smythe GA, Bradshaw JE, Cai WY. et al. Hypothalamic serotoninergic stimulation of thyrotroin secretion and related brain hormone and drug interaction in the rat[J]. Endocrinology, 1982, 111(4): 1181-1191
    71.尹镇江,郝钟林,苏学良.先天性长期缺碘对大鼠脑中生物胺类的影响[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,1990,6(1):37-39
    72.袁淑德,宋可钦,吕优英.实验性慢性氟中毒脑 5-羟色胺含量和更新率变化的分区性研究[J].中国地方病防治杂志,1993,8(3):145-146
    73.方允中,李文杰 主编.自由基与酶及其在生物学和医学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1994(第二版):147-161
    74.梁刚,孙贵范,李影奕等.氟对大鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志,2001,20(2):109-110
    75.吴南屏,赵忠良,高文华.氟对发育中脑脂质过氧化作用的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志 1993,12(5):278-279
    76.黄志森,何燕,张书明.大鼠实验性氟中毒的生化研究[J].贵阳医学院学报,1989,14(10):13-15
    77.曹守仁.自由基酶与地方性氟中毒[J].中国地方病学杂志,1992,11(增刊):1-8
    78.边建朝.硒与氟及自由基代谢与氟病关系研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,1997,12(2):119-122
    79.李健学,全笑江,吴云鹏.氟对大鼠肝、肾、脑细胞活性氧代谢的影响[J].地方病通报,1995,10(2):10-12
    80.李为,马尉,戴寿兰等.氟骨症患者血中免疫球蛋白等成分含量的研究[J].中国地方病防治杂志,1990,5(2):75
    81.吴南屏,赵忠良,高文华.氟化钠对小鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志,1993,12(1):22
    82.李颖,王丹娜,陈秀洁.碘缺乏和碘过多对大鼠甲状腺形态和抗氧化能力的影响[J].中国地方病学杂志,2002,21(2):91-93
    
    
    83.项建梅,陈祖培,陈黎等.地方性甲状腺肿患者抗氧化能力测定[J].中国地方病防治杂志,1995,10(1):23-24
    84.房辉,闫玉芹,陈祖培.缺碘与高碘大鼠甲状腺抗氧化能力的实验研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,2001,20(1):11-13
    85. Gally JA, Montague PR, Peeke JRGN et al. The NO hyothesis: posisble effects of a shortlived rapidly diffusible signal in the development and function of the nervous system[J]. Proc Natl hcad Sci USA, 1990,87(9):35-47
    86. O Dell TJ, Hawkins RD, Kandel ER, et al. Test of the roles of two diffusible substances in LTP: evidence for nitric oxide as a possible early retrograde messenger[J]. Proc Natal Acad Sci USA, 1991, 88(11): 285
    87.高秋菊,张世勇.碘对中枢神经递质的影响及与学习记忆的关系[J].中国地方病学杂志,2001,20(4):315-316
    88.杨勤,庄宗杰,程英等.碘缺乏大鼠海马NO含量及NOS活性的研究[J].中国地方病学杂志,2001,20(1):9-10
    89.罗敏,陈源,蔡东升等.甲状腺激素对大鼠小脑,海马,嗅脑神经元型一氧化氮合酶基因表达调节[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,2000,16(3):172-174