摘要
AM真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi)是广泛分布的一类土壤微生物,世界上大约90%以上的高等植物可与AM真菌形成丛枝菌根。AM真菌与植物共生后,能够促进植物对矿质营养和水分的吸收和利用、改善植物营养状况、增强植物抗逆性、促进植物生长、加快移栽苗成活速度、提高植物经济产量和效益。
本研究通过对草莓种植区AM真菌资源调查和盆栽实验,系统研究了AM真菌资源和生态特性以及人工接种AM真菌对草莓生长和果实品质的影响。获得以下试验结果：
1.河北省满城县草莓种植区AM真菌资源丰富,共分离鉴定出AM真菌11种,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)7种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)3种,多孢囊霉属(Diversispnra)1种。不同种类的AM真菌分布不同,其中摩西球囊霉(G.mosseae)和小果球囊霉(Gmicrocarpum)分布最广。
2.草莓根围土壤孢子密度平均为363个／100g土,泡囊定殖率为29.76%,丛枝定殖率为9.48%,菌丝定殖率为22.68%,AM真菌总定殖率为44.9%。说明在自然条件下,AM真菌可与草莓形成共生关系。
3.草莓种植区土壤碱解N、速效P和有机质含量丰富,土壤pH值在7.8～8.5之间。AM真菌孢子密度和定殖率均与有机质呈正相关。
4.盆栽试验表明,人工接种AM真菌能显著提高草莓菌根定殖率,并促进了草莓植株的营养生长。接种处理植株的根长、冠高和干重提高了10-15%,在土壤灭菌条件下,接种处理效果更明显。
5.人工接种AM真菌能显著增加根系对碱解N、速效P等矿质元素的吸收,促进植物生长。接种处理的植株中全N、全P和可溶性糖含量提高了20-45%。
6.接种AM真菌后草莓的花期和果期分别缩短了2-4d,果实产量和品质均有明显提高,果实鲜重、Vc含量提高了7-16%,有机酸含量下降了15%。尤其在土壤灭菌条件下,接种处理效果更好。
7.本项试验可为充分利用AM真菌资源进行草莓菌根化育苗和生产提供依据。
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are the kind of microbe, which distributes in soil widely. There are about over 90% higher plants can form arbuscular mycorrhiza with AM fungi. When the symbiotic bodies are shaped, the absorption and utilization of mineral elements of the plants are accelerated, the nutritional conditions are improved, the resistances to stress are enhanced, the growth of plants are boosted, survival rate of transplanted seeding are quickened and the output and benefit of vegetables are increased.
In this paper, the resources and ecological characteristic of AM fungi in plantation of strawberry are investigated and the effect of AM fungi on strawberry growth and quality of fruit in the pot culture are made. Main research results are as follows:
1 The resource of AM fungi is abundant in the strawberry plantations of ManCheng region, Hebei province. Of 11 species separated,7 belong to Glomus,3 belong to Acaulosporaand 1 belong to Diversispnra. Different species distributed in different sites; G. mosseae and G. microcarpum distributed widely.
2 The average spore density around the roots of strawberry is 363 per 100g soil, vesicular colonization is 29.76%, arbuscular colonization is 9.48%, hyphal colonization is 22.68%, and total colonization is 44.9%. In the natural environment, the symbiosis relationship between AM fungi and strawberry were formed.
3 In the plantation, the resources of alkali solution N, available P and organic matter are abundant, pH value is 7.8～8.5. Spore density and total colonization are positive correlation with soil organic matter.
4 The pot experiment showed that the colonization percent and the nutritive growth are improved obviously by artificial inoculating. In the condition of non-inoculated treatment, the roots length, shoots height and dry weight are improved 10-15%. In the condition of sterilized soil, the effects are more obviously.
5 When the plants are inoculated artificially, the absorptions of alkali solution N and available P are enhanced, the plant growths are boosted.In the treatment of inoculating, the contents of total N, total P and soluble sugar are increased 20-45%.
6 The florescence and the fruit period are shortened 2-4 days, the output and quality of fruits are enhanced observably, the fresh weight, the content of Vc are elevated 7-16%, the content of organic acid is descended 15%, when the plants are inoculated artificially. Especially in the sterilized soil, the effects are much more markedly.
7 This experiment can provide foundation with the fully using of AM fungi to mycorrhized seeding and production.
引文
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