摘要
知识创新正在成为经济发展的主要动力,世界范围内对知识产权的保护与利用都日益重视。知识创造的价值只有在市场上得到应有的回报才能形成从创造、使用、收益然后回到创造的良性循环。在中国知识产权战略逐步推进和发展农业成为经济工作重点的背景下,农业知识产权评估为科技成果转化提供价值度量尺度,为维护产权所有人权益提供依据,为管理者确定工作重点提供方向。在对农业知识产权评估相关理论和方法进行全面分析的基础上,重点对三种具有鲜明特色和较强评估需求的农业知识产权进行分项研究,确定了价值评估的依据、选择了评估方法、设计了评估工作流程,并分别用实际案例解析了评估工作内容,验证了所提出理论和方法的适用性和操作可行性。本研究主要分为以下几个部分。
首先,在第1章全面梳理了国内外有关知识产权评估研究成果的基础上,第2章确定了农业知识产权概念,界定了研究范围;总结了知识产权和农业知识产权的特点,讨论了各种价值理论对农业知识产权价值的解释作用,确定了均衡价格论作为农业知识产权价值评估的理论依据,提出了产权制度是产权价值评估的基础。分析了农业知识产权评估的起点、假设、目的和原则,进而提出了农业知识产权评估的理论框架。
第二,第3章分析了成本法的基本原理和成本法在农业知识产权评估中受到的挑战,针对农业知识产权成本形成的特点,设计了农业知识产权重置成本确定的步骤,给出了成本法的适用范围;分析了市场法的基本原理和受到的挑战,确定了市场法的应用条件;讨论了应用收益法对农业知识产权进行评估的合理性和局限性,以及在应用过程中需要进行的修正。
第三,第4章利用均衡价格理论,结合地理标志知识产权的特点,推导了地理标志农产品的供给曲线、需求曲线和均衡价格。并以此得出了农产品地理标志知识产权的价值模型。建立了农产品地理标志知识产权的价值影响因素体系,设计了农产品地理标志价值评估流程。利用收益法对农产品地理标志市场价值进行初评,借助层次分析法和模糊综合评判实现对农产品地理标志的价值评价,最后实现了对农产品地理标志充分管理值的评估。
第四,第5章利用均衡价格理论,结合植物新品种权价值的特点,推导了植物新品种权的个别供求曲线。采用问卷调查法确定了植物品种权的价值影响因素。访谈法了解了植物新品种权的评估现状。针对转让双方以谈判作为主要定价形式的情况,建立了植物品种权的讨价还价评估模型。
第五,第6章分析了农业专利权的保护制度,农业专利权是指涉及农业生产的专利权,其供需曲线的形态与植物品种权相似。农业专利权具有很大的社会价值和转让需求,农业专利权的外溢性令其社会价值大于私人价值,转让中受让人较多地承担价值外溢的风险,农业专利权的评估可以借鉴知识产权评估的理论和方法。本研究创造性地将资产的特点引入资产评估理论体系,提出了仅有交易假设才能成为资产评估最基本的假设;推导了地理标志农产品的供给与需求曲线,给出了农产品地理标志知识产权价值的理论模型和评估模型;推导了植物品种权的个别供给曲线与需求曲线,将讨价还价模型创造性地引入到植物品种权的评估模型中。最终完成了对农产品地理标志知识产权、植物新品种权和农业专利权的评估设计。
The knowledge innovation is becoming the main driving force for economic development, so all countries in the world are putting increasing emphasis on protection and using of intellectual property. The virtuous circle from creation, using, income and return to creation can be formed only when the value created by knowledge get proper repayment in market. With the implementation of china intellectual property strategy and agriculture development becoming economic focus, the evaluation of agricultural intellectual property can not only measure the value of scientific and technological achievements, but also provide the measure to safeguard the interests of property owners ,and provide direction for managers to determine priorities. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of agricultural intellectual property evaluation theory and methods, the dissertation focuses on three agriculture intellectual property with strong demand of evaluation, chooses the valuation method, and designes the evaluation process. The actual cases are used to verify the applicability and feasibility of the proposed theories and methods. This paper is divided into the following sections.
Firstly, on the basis of overall review about the achievement of intellectual property evaluation at home and abroad in chapter one, it identifies the concept of the agriculture intellectual property in chapter two, defines the range of this paper and summarizes the characteristics of intellectual property and agriculture intellectual property. It also discusses the explaining function of all kinds of value theories to the value of agricultural intellectual property , identifies the theory of equilibrium price as the basic theory of agricultural intellectual property evaluation and puts forward that proper regime is the base of property value evaluation. This chapter also analyses the starting point, hypothesis, purpose and principle of agricultural intellectual property evaluation, and then puts forward the theoretical framework of agricultural intellectual property evaluation.
Secondly, chapter 3 analyzes the basic principles of cost approach and the challenges of cost approach in agricultural intellectual property evaluation. According to the cost formation characteristic of agricultural intellectual property, the steps are designed to determine the agricultural intellectual property replacement cost, and the scope of the cost method application is given. This chapter analyses the basic principle and the challenge of market approach and determines the application conditions of the market approach. Simultaneously rationality and limitation of using income method to evaluate agricultural intellectual property are discussed in order to put forward the amendment in the application process.
Thirdly, chapter 4 deduces the supply curve, demand curve and equilibrium price of the agricultural products with geographical indication using the equilibrium price theory and combining with the characteristics of geographical indications. This paper reaches the value model of agricultural geographical indications, establishes the system of value factors, designs the evaluation process of agricultural geographical indications. After the preliminary evaluation was made by means of income approach , the evaluation of full management value of the agricultural geographical indications was realized with the aid of the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive.
Fourthly, Individual supply and demand curves for new plant variety property are derived using the equilibrium price theory combined with the characteristics of the new plant variety property in chapter 5. Questionnaire is used to determine the impact factors of value and interviews is selected to understand the present situation of plant variety property evaluation. According to negotiations as the major form of pricing, a bargaining evaluation model is established for plant variety property.
Fifthly, the system of protection of agricultural patent is analyzed in chapter 6. Agricultural patent is referred the patent which is involved in agricultural production, which supply and demand curves is similar to the plant variety property. Agricultural patent has great social value and transfer requirements, whereas the spillover of agricultural patent valre makes its society value more than private value, so the assignee suffered from more risk in transfer. The evaluation of agricultural patent may take example by the theory and methods of the intellectual property.
Characteristics of the assets is creatively introduced into evaluation theory system, and the viewpoint is proposed that only transaction assumption is the most basic assumption of asset evaluation; At the same time, the supply and demand curves is derived and theoretical model of agricultural geographical indications is given; the individual supply and demand curves of plant variety property is deduced and bargaining model is firstly introduced into the evaluation of plant variety property. At last, this dissertation completes the assessment design of agricultural geographical indications property, plant variety property and agricultural patent.
引文
1全《关于加快推进农业科技创新持续增强农产品供给保障能力的若干意见》
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