摘要
随着人们生活质量的不断提高,室内物品以及人员的位置感知计算、基于位置的服务显得越来越重要。典型的例子有资源查找、参观导航、会议指南、寻找老人儿童、节能控制、设备资产管理等。而如何确定室内物品以及人员的位置是实现基于位置服务的核心问题。针对现有室内定位系统存在的问题,本文提出并设计了一种基于ZigBee技术的室内定位系统。设计的系统达到了预期的要求,系统的定位精度可以满足室内人员等移动目标的定位应用。该系统具有低成本、低功耗、低复杂度、较高的定位精度、方便部署和拆除等诸多优点。
本论文主要的研究内容和成果:
1、对现有的室内定位系统进行分析,总结现有的室内定位系统的优点和存在的不足。本文侧重于研究定位系统的实现以及系统的定位精度、系统成本、低功耗、定位速度等,而定位系统的人机界面等不做过多研究。
2、研究ZigBee网络的拓扑结构、网络层协议对定位系统的性能的影响。从定位系统的延时和功耗角度出发设计了树状结构的网络拓扑结构,从系统的可靠性角度出发提出了一种有助于改善ZigBee网络健壮性的“乒乓机制”。
3、针对RSS具有随机性的特点,提出了基于概率统计原理的RSS样本数据预处理的方法,实验表明使用该方法可以提高系统的定位准确度和精度。
4、提出定位系统的总体设计方案,按照系统的设计目标设计并实现定位系统的硬件系统和软件系统。
5、设计室内定位系统实验测试环境,对本系统在测试场所进行实地测试,并且对实验结果从定位精确度、系统实时性、系统可用性等方便进行分析和总结,对后期的工作提出进一步的打算。
Services based on location are becoming more and more important. The typical applications include Resource Retrieval, Visitor Navigation, and Conference Guidance, Searching for the elderly and children, Equipment & Asset Management, and Medical Rescuing and so on. The key question of services based on location is how to compute the indoor goods’or people’s location. To improve the current indoor positioning system , this article proposed and designed an indoor positioning system based on ZigBee technology. This system is featured with low cost, low power, low complexity, high precision, and many other merits. In this paper, the main research content includes:
1. In this paper, current indoor positioning systems are analyzed, and their advantages and problems are summarized. Then, this paper designed and implemented one of this improved system.
2. Fingerprint Location Algorithm is improved, and Centroid aided localization algorithm is proposed. Moreover, probability based RSSI data preprocessing method is proposed, and experiment result shows that this method improved the positioning precision.
3. ZigBee topological structure is researched; impacts of network layer protocols on positioning performance are analyzed. This paper proposed one method that improves ZigBee network robustness and time delay by using tree topological structure and algorithm named Ping Pang.
4. The framework of this system is designed, including software design and hardware design.
5. Experimental environments are well designed, and experiments are conducted, the robustness, positioning precision, real-time quality, system feasibility, are analyzed. And future research work is planed.
引文
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