海关特殊监管区域风险管理研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着我国对外贸易的不断发展,海关面临着“严密监管与高效运作”、“业务量大与管理资源不足”两对主要矛盾,特别是在海关特殊监管区域,由于该区域政策最优,企业在享受政策最优的前提下,更希望通关效率更高,从而造成两对矛盾更加突出。寻求执法和通关效率的平衡成为海关现代化战略追求的目标,而要实现这个目标,就必须将风险管理理念引入海关特殊监管区域管理实践中。我国海关自1994年开始研究现代海关制度至今,风险管理已被确立为《现代海关制度第二步发展战略规划》的中心环节,我国海关在推广应用风险管理机制等方面取得了一定的成果,但风险管理研究和实践还仅处于起步阶段,与发达国家相比还有很大差距,特别是海关特殊监管区域风险管理研究,还基本是空白状态。为更好的服务地方经济发展,特别是发展好特殊监管区域,引入风险管理理念是很有意义的。
     本课题以风险管理理论为基础,依托海关特殊监管区域发展模式分析及海关风险分析为框架,采用文献研究及实证分析等方法,阐述海关特殊监管区域风险管理现状,并进行风险原因分析,并针对风险提出了解决对策。
     通过分析研究,确立了特殊监管区域风险管理理念,即在深入了解区域通关风险特征的同时,对物流监管进行科学分类,通过全过程、全方位、多层次、宽领域的动态管理和控制,努力实现高效运作和有效监管;通过风险信息、物流信息与相关业务信息的有机融合,对物流实施全过程的监控;通过物流监控“前”、“中”、“后”的有机融合,进一步加强货物的实际监管。
With the continuous development of China’s foreign trade, our customs is facedwith two pairs of major contradictions: strict supervision vs. effective operation, andlarge volume of business vs. a lack of management resources. The contradictionsreflect most sharply in those areas which are under special customs supervision.Enterprises belonging to those areas enjoy the optimal policy, so they hope they canalso enjoy higher efficiency in customs clearance. In the light of these situations, toseek the balance of law enforcement and customs clearance efficiency has become thestrategic objective of the customs modernization. At the same time, in order to realizethis objective, risk management concept should be introduced to the customsmanagement practices in those special supervision areas. China's customs has begunresearching the modern customs system since1994, but until now, the riskmanagement has really been established as the central part of the second step of thestrategic planning of the modern customs system’s development. though China'scustoms has obtained certain achievements in the popularization and application of therisk management system, risk management research and practice is only in itsbeginning stage, and China’s customs still has a long way to go compared withdeveloped countries, especially given the blank state of the risk management researchin the areas under special customs supervision. To better serve the local economicdevelopment, especially the development of good special supervision area, theintroduction of risk management concept is very meaningful.
     This project, relying on the development models of areas under special customssupervision, has been based on the theory of risk management, framed in customs risk analysis, and has adopted the methods of literature research and empirical analysis.It has illustrated the current situation of risk management of the areas under specialcustoms supervision, has analyzed the risk causes, and has also put forwardcountermeasures against the risks.
     Through analysis and research, this project has established the risk managementconcept in the special supervision areas: in a thorough understanding of thecharacteristics of regional customs clearance risks, adopt scientific classification oflogistics, and try to achieve the most efficient and effective supervision by takingall-round, multi-level dynamic management and control through the entire process;Through the organic integration of risk information, logistics information and relatedbusiness information, monitor the whole logistics process; and through the supervisorycontrol of the pre-, mid-, and after-stages of the logistics, further strengthen thesupervision of the actual goods.
引文
①吴展:《海关特殊监管区域之立法缺陷及其完善》,《港口经济》2010.8期
    ②邵铁民:《试论海关特殊监管区域的若干问题》,《商场现代化》590期
    ①邵铁民:《试论海关特殊监管区域的若干问题》,《商场现代化》590期
    ②杨奕锋:《中国海关风险管理理论探讨》,《法制与社会》2008.3期
    ①米歇尔·科罗赫:《风险管理》,中国财政经济出版社,2005年53页
    ①何文炯:《风险管理》,东北财经大学出版社,1999年65页
    ②倪红:《我国海关风险管理研究》,大连理工大学,2001年75页
    ③张道恒:《海关风险管理:有效监管与高效运作新手段》,《海关与大市场》9期
    [1]米歇尔·科罗赫.风险管理,2005
    [2]何文炯.风险管理[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,1999
    [3]倪红.我国海关风险管理研究[D].大连理工大学,2001
    [4]张道恒.海关风险管理:有效监管与高效运作新手段,海关与大市场,2003
    [5]全面实施风险管理大力推进海关现代化.中国海关,2004
    [6]胡绪华.我国隶属海关风险管理系统的分析与研究,江苏大学硕士研究生学位论文,2005
    [7]王普光、白树强.海关估价概论[M].中国社会科学出版社,1996
    [8]海关特殊监管区域及相关税收政策简介[EB/OL]. http://www.doc88.com/p-159260111787.html
    [9]海关特殊监管区域通关课题研究海关总署网,2008.12.28[EB/OL]. http://service.customs.gov.cn/tabid/399/ctl/InfoDetail/InfoID/214040/mid/60432/Default.aspx?ContainerSrc=%5bG%5dContainers%2f_default%2fNo+Container
    [10]关于中国海关特殊监管区域功能整合的建议[EB/OL]. http://finance.ifeng.com/topic/lianghui2009/news/20090303/415632.shtml
    [11]薛晓星.对海关特殊监管区域的思考.港口经济,2006(6):8
    [12]邵铁民.试论海关特殊监管区域的若干问题.商场现代化,2009(10)
    [13]高融昆.中国海关的制度创新和管理变革[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2002
    [14]牟新生.关于建立海关风险管理机制研讨会综述,2001
    [15]吴仪.实行“大通关”制度提高口岸通关效率[EB/OL]. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGHG200207002.htm
    [16]郑俊田.中国海关通关实务(2002年新编本)[M].北京:中国对外经济贸易出版社,2002
    [17][美]M.5.多尔夫曼.风险管理和保险导论.北京:清华大学出版社,1998
    [18]何江丽.风险投资的项目风险管理.西安交通大学,2001
    [19]洪锡熙.风险管理[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,1999
    [20]宋明哲.现代风险管理[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2003
    [21]杨忠、赵曙明.国际企业:风险管理[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1998
    [22]王晓群.风险管理[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
    [23]倪红.我国海关风险管理研究[D].大连理工大学,2001
    [24]全面实施风险管理大力推进海关现代化[EB/OL].http://wuxizazhi.cnki.net/Search/ZGHG200401000.html
    [25]陆军荣,石建.海关特殊监管区的国际比较研究.经济纵横,2008)
    [26]王惠珍.海关特殊监管区域的发展前景及整合方式初探——宁波特殊监管区域发展研究.特区经济,2006(10)
    [27]邱志睿.海关特殊监管区域功能整合的思路及对策,《上海海关学院学报》2009(2)
    [28]吴展.海关特殊监管区域之立法缺陷及其完善.港口经济.2010(8)
    [29]王双平.中国特殊经济区和海关特殊监管区的发展方向.郑州航空工业管理学院学报,2003(12)
    [30]郭信昌.关于我国保税区建设与发展的若干思考[J].南开经济研究,2000(1)
    [31]邓力平,唐永红.入世与我国经济特区的再发展[J].国际贸易问题,2002(8)
    [32]黄国祥,原舒.谈我国从保税区到出口加工区的发展[J].国际贸易问题,2002(10)
    [33]陶明.对加入世贸组织后保税区功能转型的思考[J].国际贸易问题,2003(2)
    [34]全国人大常委会办公厅公报编辑室.中国加入世界贸易组织法律文件及有关国际条约[M].北京:中国民主法制出版社,2002
    [35] Royer Paul S.Risk Management:The Undiscovered Dimension of ProjectManagement.PM Journal,2000(31):1
    [36] C B,Chapman S C Ward.Project Risk Management Processes.Techniques andInsights.New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1996
    [37] Peter Bernstein,Against the Gods:The Remarkable Story of Risk,NewYork:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1996