摘要
产业集聚作为有效的空间组织形式是区域经济发展的重要源泉和创新中心,是区域经济学、产业经济学、经济地理学等学科研究的热点问题。就产业维度而言,无论是静态还是动态的有关研究主要集中在加工制造业,对于资源型产业集聚的相关研究非常有限,且以定性分析为主,这就使我们不能够对资源富集区经济发展落后的瓶颈做出准确的判断和把握。因此,本文基于产业链视角对我国煤炭产业集聚进行了的实证研究,将我国煤炭资源富集区按照区位划分为三大区域,通过计算2002-2006年各区域煤炭产业集聚指数,揭示我国煤炭产业集聚现状;计算各区域煤炭上下游产业集聚指数,对我国煤炭富集区的产业链条的合理性和完整性进行了分析。在此基础上,进一步论证了煤炭产业集聚和经济增长的相关性。
本文的主要工作和结论如下:
1.在理论上分析了产业链与产业集聚发展演变的机理,论证了产业链和产业集聚的相互作用是促进区域经济发展的有效方式。产业集聚促进产业链在区域空间内的形成和发展,而产业链的跨区域延伸为产业集聚提供了更广阔的发展空间。
2.采用市场集中度(CRn指数)、赫芬达尔指数(H指数)两个指标对我国煤炭产业的集聚程度进行测度,从计算结果来看,我国煤炭产业呈现出高度的集中性,与煤炭资源的储量分布基本匹配。
3.在上述研究的基础上,将我国的煤炭产业细分为上下游两个部分,应用市场集中度(CRn指数)、赫芬达尔指数(H指数)、E-G指数等指标对煤炭产业上下游的产业集聚水平进行了计算,结果表明各研究区域的上下游的集聚程度差异比较大,三大区域煤炭产业的上游环节集聚水平都较高,下游环节的集聚水平西南地区集聚水平较低,反映出在我国煤炭产业发展过程中,过度依赖上游初级加工产业,下游高附加值产业没有随之配套发展,相比下游高附加值产业比重偏低,煤炭产业结构不合理。
4.鉴于产业集聚与经济增长的共生性,我们建立工业总产值和E-G指数的弹性模型,对煤炭产业集聚与经济增长的相关性进行检验。从结果可以看出,煤炭下游产业的弹性指数明显高于上游产业的弹性指数,说明各区域加快煤炭下游高附加值产业的建设,对区域经济的发展有巨大的促进作用。
As an effective form in space organization, industrial agglomeration is not only an important source and innovation center of the development in regional economic, but also a hot research issue which is about regional economics, industrial economics, economic geography and so on. In terms of the industry dimension, both the static study and the dynamic one are mainly concentrate on the processing and manufacturing industry. They are very limited to the resource-based industries. Moreover, most of the studies are qualitative analysis. Therefore, it’s difficult to make an accurate judgment or grasp about this problem: in the resource-rich region, the economic development is not as good as it should be, which is a bottleneck without a doubt. Based on the perspective of industry chain, this paper has carried on the empirical study of china's coal industrial agglomeration. In this paper, according to the distribution of the coal-rich region in china, we divide it into three regional. We make a calculation about coal industrial agglomeration indexes of the three regional from 2002 to 2006, by which we can disclosure the agglomeration status quo of china’s coal industry, and through the calculation of the upper and lower coal industry concentration index, we analysis the rationality and integrality of the china's coal-rich region. Based on this, we analysis the relativity between the coal industrial agglomeration and the economic growth.
In this paper, the main work and conclusions are as follows:
1. In theory, we analysis the mechanism about the evolution of the industrial chain and industrial agglomeration, and demonstrate that the interaction of industrial chain and industrial agglomeration is an effective method to promote regional economic development. Industry agglomeration can promote the formation and development of industry chain in regional spatial, while the extending of the industrial chain across regions provides a wide space for industrial agglomeration.
2. With CRn and HHI we measure the agglomeration degree of china coal industry, from whose results we can conclude china coal industry is highly concentrated and has basically matched with the reserve distribution of coal resources.
3. Based on the research above, we divide china coal industry into two parts: the upper and lower coal industry. We calculate the agglomeration level of the upper and lower coal industry by CRn、HHI and E-G. The results show that the industry agglomeration level has significant differences between the upper and the lower coal industry. The agglomeration level of the upper coal industry is higher than the lower one in the three major regional, and the lower coal industry is low in the southwest, which reflect that the regional developing is heavily reliant on the primary processing industry in the development of the coal industry. The lower industry with high value-added doesn’t match with the upper. Compared with the upper coal industry ,the proportion of the lower value-added industry is rather low. The coal industry is unreasonable.
4. In view of the co-existing between the industrial agglomeration and the economic growth, the paper makes the elastic model of gross industrial output value and E-G Index, which can check the relativity between the industrial agglomeration and the economic growth. From the results, we can find that the elastic index of the lower coal industry is significantly higher than the upper’s. The results show that it has a huge promoting effect speeding up the construction of the high-added in lower coal industry for the development of regional economics.
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