侦查的基本原则研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
侦查程序是刑事诉讼的重要环节,它关系到整个诉讼的进程。作为起诉和审判的前提和基础,它直接影响到案件能否得到公正、及时的处理以及犯罪嫌疑人之刑事责任这一诉讼结果的正确与否。侦查程序的良好运作又离不开侦查基本原则的指导,作为精神统率的侦查基本原则应当,也必须在侦查活动中得到体现和贯彻。关于侦查基本原则的理论,是侦查学的基本理论部份;关于侦查基本原则的实践也是刑事诉讼立法所应着力规范、侦查活动所应全面遵循的重要内容。目前学术界对侦查的主体、客体、程序、方法等问题已有较深入的研究,但关于侦查的基本原则问题还未见系统的论述,可见这一问题尚未引起理论界和实务界的足够重视。
     本文对侦查基本原则的若于问题展开了深入、广泛的研究,以期丰富和发展侦查学的理论部分,指导我国的有关侦查立法和侦查实践。全文共分为五章,四万余字。
     第一章:侦查的基本原则概述。全章从法理学的视角系统阐释了有关侦查基本原则的几个基础性问题,共分为四节。第一节简要讲述了原则、法律原则的内涵及其在法律体系中的重要地位和独特功能。第二节从原则和规则的关系入手,着重在可操作性,适用的优先性和具体功能方面分析了侦查的基本原则与侦查的程序规范的区别和联系。第三节从原则和政策的关系入手,通过分析侦查的基本原则与刑事政策特别是我国的刑事政策在刑事执法活动中的地位和作用的不同,指出前者因其更高的法律地位和更广的适用范围,对后者有一定约束力。第四节介绍了侦查的基本原则与刑事诉讼基本原则之间的区别和联系,认为前者在与后者保持精神一致的前提下,又有其独立性和独特性,是程序性原则和技术性原则的结合。
     第二章:侦查基本原则的地位和功能。第一节介绍了侦查的基本原则有利于克服成文法的局限性,以及其在实现个别正义、适应社会发展方面的优越性。第二节论述了侦查基本原则的立法准则功能,第三节论述了侦查的基本原则有行为准则的功能,能约束侦查人员的侦查行为,防止侦查权的滥用。第四节介绍了侦查的基本原则有利于消解诉讼中的程序偏差特别是衍生偏差,从而克服不良的主、客观因素对侦查工作的消极影响。
     第三章:我国侦查基本原则的立法技术特点。本章分析了我国有关侦
    
    查的法律、法规及司法实践,归纳出我国关邢蹦原则的立法技术呈
    现出非规范性、强行性、模糊性的特点。
     第四章:决娜狲原则的关键因素。在第一章中,作者着力剖析
    了侦查目的,认为树立媲的侦查目的是制定正确、有效的侦查基本原则
    的前提,而侦查的豺原则则跪使不同的侦部为在法律限度内服务于
    相同的侦查目的的作用。第二节讨论了侦查价值作为其精神统率,在更高
    层次上决定和塑跪侦查基本原则,侦查基本原则必须力求最大限度地实
    现侦查价值。第三节,通过比较世界上侦瓣序的不同构造,审视我国侦
    劫造的缺陷,认为侦铡造直接决筋掀查原则的选择,而后者又潜
    移默化地影响着前者的发展和变化。
     第五章:侦查的豺原则。本章以侦查的性质和任务为理狮据,将
    侦查的基本原则划分为程序性原则和技术性原则两个方面。本章分为两
    节,椭阐述了程序性原则的基本内容—一包括侦查权法定原则、任意侦
    查原则、令状主义原则、胸性原则、相应性原则,以及技术性原则的具
    体内容—一包括实事求是原则、专门工作与依靠群众相结瓣则、迅速及
    时原则、秘密原则和协同作战原则。蝴比较的方法分析了其他国家的立
    法例和本国的特色,论述了遵循上述原则的珊意义和实践意义,在指出
    我国的侦查基本原则在立法规范和实践运作中存在一些缺陷的同时,提出
    了中肯、可行的改进建议。
The procedure of criminal investigation is an important section, which is related to the process of the whole criminal justice system. As the prerequisite and base of prosecution and trial, it influences not only the judgment to the criminal liability but also whether the case can be judged impartially and promptly. Whether the investigation can operate smoothly depends on the direction of the principles of criminal investigation. As spiritual guide, these principles should be reflected and implemented during the investigative activities. The theory of the principles of investigation is the basic theory of criminalistics and the application of them is also important, which should be stipulated in criminal procedural law and followed in investigative practice. In academic circles, the subject, object, procedure, method of investigation have been studied thoroughly while the principles of investigation have not been discussed systematically, which is ignored by both scholars and practitioners.
    This thesis is a monographic study on several issues of the principles of investigation. The author hopes it is constructive to enrich the theory of criminalistics and provide guidance to the practice of enactment of investigational law and judicature. It consists of five chapters.
    Chapter I: Introduction of the principles of investigation. It focuses on several basic issues of the principles of investigation from the viewpoint of philosophical jurisprudence, which consists of four sections. Section One briefly introduces the connotations, legal status and function of principle and legal principle. After analyzed principle and regulation, Section Two reviews the differences and relations between the principles of investigation and the procedural norms of investigation in aspects of operation,
    
    
    priority to application and particular function. In Section Three, from the relations of the principle and policy, the author analyzes the differences in legal status, function of the principles of investigation and criminal policies firstly, and secondly points out that because of the higher legal status and the wider applicative scope, the former is binding on the latter. Section Four introduced the differences and relations between the principles of investigation and those of criminal procedure, concluded that the former have independent status and unique features which consist of procedural principles and technical principles.
    Chapter II: The legal status and function of the principles of investigation. Section One reviews that the principles of investigation can overcome the limitations of statute law, realize individual justice and adapt' to the social development. Section Two reviews their function as rule of legislation. Section Three focuses on their function as rule of conduct, through which to restrain the abuse of the power of investigation. Section Four introduces that the principles of investigation are advantageous to eliminate the procedural deviation occurring in the whole process so as to overcome the negative affect which is generated from passive subjective or objective factors.
    Chapter ffl : The characteristics of Chinese legislative technique on the principles of investigation. Through analyzing the articles, regulations of the law and judicature practice, the author concludes the characteristics of legislative technique in China are non-normality, compulsion and ambiguity.
    Chapter IV : Key factors determining the principles of investigation. In Section One, the author discusses the purposes of criminal investigation, points out that reasonable purposes are the prerequisites to establish correct, effective principles of investigation, and the latter make different acts of investigation serve the same purposes of investigation in scope of law. In Section
    
    Two, the author considers it is the values of investigation, the spiritual guide, that decide and shape the principles of investigation in higher degree, so the latter should serve the former. In Section Three, compared three different types of investi
引文
1.迈克尔·D·贝勒斯:《法律的原则 一个规范的分析》,张文显等译,北京:中国大百科全书出版社1996年版。
    2.德沃金:《法律帝国》,李常青等译,北京:中国大百科全书出版社1996年版。
    3.德沃金:《认真对待权利》,信春鹰、吴玉章译,北京:中国大百科全书出版社1996年版。
    4.哈耶克:《法律、立法与自由》,邓正来译,北京:中国大百科全书出版社2000年版。
    5.沈宗灵:《现代西方法理学》,北京:北京大学出版社1992年版。
    6.徐国栋:《民法基本原则解释》,北京:中国政法大学出版社1992年版。
    7.陈瑞华:《刑事诉讼前沿问题》,北京:中国人民大学出版社2000年版。
    8.李心鉴:《刑事诉讼构造论》,北京:中国政法大学出版社1992年版。
    9.宋英辉:《刑事诉讼目的论》,北京:中国人民公安大学出版社1994年版。
    10.博登海默:《法理学、法律哲学与法律方法》,邓正来译,中国政法大学出版社1999年版。
    11.罗尔斯:《正义论》,何怀宏等译,北京:中国社会科学出版社1988年版。
    12.丹宁:《法律的正当程序》,李克强等译:北京:法律出版社1999年版。
    13.田口守一:《刑事诉讼法》,刘迪等译,北京:法律出版社2000年版。
    14.孙长永:《侦查程序与人权》,北京:中国方正出版社2000年版。
    15.何家弘编著:《外国犯罪侦查制度研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社1995年版。
    16.惠生武:《警察法论纲》,北京:中国政法大学出版社2000年版。
    
    
    17.黄风:《中国引渡制度研究》,北京:中国政法大学出版社,1997年版。
    18.韦恩·W·贝尼特、凯伦M·希斯:《犯罪侦查》,但彦峥等译,北京:群众出版社2000年版。
    19.李文健:《刑事诉讼效率论》,北京:中国政法大学出版社1999年版。
    20.王以真主编:《外国刑事诉讼法学》,北京:北京大学出版社1994年版。
    21.陈光中主编:《刑事诉讼法实施问题研究》,北京:中国法制出版社2000年版。
    22.卓泽渊主编:《法理学》,《法学导论》,北京:法律出版社1998年版。
    23.肖扬主编:《中国刑事政策和策略问题》,北京:法律出版社1996年版。
    24.徐静村主编:《刑事诉讼法学》(上),北京:法律出版社1997年版。
    25.陈光中、徐静村主编:《刑事诉讼法学》(修订版),北京:中国政法大学出版社2000年版。
    26.陈祥印主编:《刑事侦查学》,四川:成都科技大学出版社2000年版。
    27.曹竞辉:《刑事侦查实务》,台湾:1989年版。
    28.张弢主编:《刑事侦查程序研究》,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000年版。
    29.徐立根主编:《侦查学》,北京:中国人民大学出版社1991年版。
    30. Charles R·Swanson, JR., Neil C·Chamelin, Leonard Territo, Criminal Investigation 3rd edition, Random House, New York, 1984.
    31. Edger·Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence, Harvard Uriversity Press, 1974.
    32. Bardon L·Ingraham, the Structure of Criminal Procedure, Green Wood Press.