基于嵌入式PC的铝电解控制系统试验平台的研究与开发
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摘要
随着计算机和自动化技术的发展,以计算机为核心的自动控制系统已经被广泛应用于铝电解生产过程的控制,提高了生产效率、延长了电解槽寿命。近年来人们又在尝试采用更先进的控制算法(比如自适应控制,模糊控制,专家系统等),因此我们设计了用于试验控制算法的软硬件平台,它既可以独立地对电解槽作简单的控制,也可以按照用户输入的控制算法进行更加优化的控制。
    试验平台采用分布式结构,以嵌入式PC为核心,采用中断方式结合先进先出的事件队列进行任务调度以保证系统的实时性。铝电解生产现场电磁干扰非常严重,为此我们将需要测量的模拟信号就近转换为频率脉冲后再传送到控制核心;采用浮地接入方式消除槽电压信号中的共模成分;设计了量程自动切换电路以解决槽电压的动态范围宽和测量精度高的矛盾;用最小二乘法进行曲线拟和以降低测量的系统误差。为消除测量信号中存在的比较严重的随机干扰,在对测量信号作频谱分析的基础上,比较了几种数字滤波算法的处理效果,进一步提高了测量精度。 另外,为了解决极距控制时控制周期慢和容易调节过度产生振荡的矛盾,采取了一种折中算法。论文还讨论了系统的组网方案,对网络的层次结构和通信协议作了规划和设计。
    最后,论文总结了开发基于嵌入式PC的测控系统的体会,并对试验平台的设计提出了一些改进意见。
With the rapid development of the technology of computer and automation, the computer control system is widely used in the manufacture of Al electrolysis and the efficiency is improved and the life-span of the electrobath is increased. These years people are trying to apply control arithmetic more advanced, such as adaptive control, fuzzy control and expert systerm etc, so we decided to design a hardwar&software bench which can be used to test these control arithmetic, it can simply but independently contrl the process of Al electrolysis, and also can control the process according to the better arithmetic which is inputted by users.
    The test bench is a distributed system and is based on embedded PC. Interrupt and event queue are adopted to schedule tasks, which ensures its real-time performance. To avoid the serious electromagnetic interferer, the analog signals are transformed to frequency pulses which are transferred to the kernel of the system. In the measure of the groove voltage, the method of float-ground is adopted to avoid the high common signal and the range switch circuit is designed to solve the conflict of the wide dynamic range and the high precision. least square Curvefit is adopted to reduce the system error. To eliminate the serious random noises which exist in the analog sigals, the frequency spectrum of the signals are analyzed, then several digital filteration arithmetics are compared with each other and the best is selected. In the control of electrode distance, a compromise arithmetics is used to solve the conflict of the slow control period and the excess adjustment. The system networking is also discussed, the structure and the communication protocol are schemed and designed.
    In the end, the experience is summarized, which is about how to develop a measure&control system based on embedded PC, and some advices improve on the test bench are put forward.
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