摘要
工作辊的热辊型作为板形理论的重要内容之一，因其影响因素繁多，边界条件复杂，一直是板形研究和控制领域里的薄弱环节。因此对其展开研究，具有重要的理论和实际意义。
本文系统研究了工作辊热辊型动态形成机理，建立了计算轧辊温度场和热凸度的仿真模型。确定了轧辊温度场仿真所需的传热学方程及边界条件。详细分析了轧辊热流输入输出关系及特征，讨论了热流载荷的简化计算问题，给出了喷水冷却，轧制升温，接触传热系数的计算公式。
采用有限元方法对70MN强力高刚度轧机的工作辊热辊型进行了仿真计算，得出了达到热平衡后工作辊内部温度场分布规律，热凸度变化的历史曲线，并对该轧机实际工况下的热辊型进行了预报。为了真实地反映实际辊缝形状，对辊系弹性变形也进行有限元仿真，给出了辊系的弹性变形规律，并将热变形与弹性变形进行了叠加，求出最终辊型曲线。
通用有限元软件计算精度高，但需专业人员建模调试而且有限元本身有耗费机时多的缺点。针对以上问题，本文以MATLAB软件为开发平台，以有限差分法和影响函数法为计算方法，应用面向对象编程技术，编写了70MN强力高刚度轧机的专用可视化仿真软件。该软件操作简单方便，可扩展性强。并将该软件计算结果与有限元计算结果进行了对比，验证了该软件的计算精度。
The research of work roll thermal profile,as one of the important area of strip shape control theory,is the vulnerable spots because of both the complicated boundary condition and numerous effect factors.So the reseach of thermal profile has the important value of the theory and practice.
In this paper , the dynamic forming process mechanism of thermal profile of work roll has been studied systematically , and the simulation model of temperature field and thermal crown has been developed during rolling sheet and strip. At the same time,the heat transfer equation and the boundary conditions, which is needed for temperature field simulation, has been determined. The relation and features of heat flow into and out of rolls are analyzed in detail , simplified theory and method of heat flow calculation are discussed. The formula of spray, temperature rise caused by plastic deformation, roll bite heat transfer coefficient has been summarized .
The work roll’ thermal profile of 70MN stiff mill has been calculated with FEA,the temperature field and Variety of thermal crown and the thermal profile in work condition has been predicted . The Elastic deformation of roll system has been calculated , and the finally profile of roll has been obtained .
Current FEA software is precise,but the modeling and debugging need professional man,further more FEA need more time.So a special software is made for 70MN stiff mill in Matlab language . In this software the finite difference method,influence function method and Object-brientated technology has been used . The software can be used easily , and can be expanded .The result of the software contrast with the result of FEA , proving that the precision of the software is high enough for engineering.
引文
E. C. Larke. The Rolling of Strip, Sheet and Plate.London: Chapman and Hall LTD, 1963: 71-113
A. A. Tseng, S. X. Tong, M. Raudensky. Thermal Expansion and Crown Evaluations in Rolling Processes. Steel Research, 1996, 67(5): 188-199
G. Schipper. Practical Method to Calculate Effects of Work Roll Cooling on Strip Shape and Crown. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1996, 23(1): 66-69
S. Jarrett, J. M. Allwood. Fast Model of Thermal Camber Evolution in Metal Rolling for Online Use. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1999, 26(6): 439-407
Y. K. Cheng. 结构分析的有限条法. 谢秀松, 王贻荪, 李兰芬等译. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 1985: 300-307
熊光楞. 控制系统的数字仿真. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1991: 31-35
王春行. 液压控制系统. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1999: 47-49
吴庆海. 武钢热轧精轧机板形控制模型的改进. 北京科技大学学报, 2000, 22(3): 18-24
吴庆海.热轧宽带钢板形控制模型及策略的研究. [北京科技大学博士学位论文]. 2001: 42
何安瑞. 宽带钢热轧精轧机组辊形的研究. [北京科技大学博士学位论文]. 2000: 74
王国栋. 板形控制和板形理论. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 1986: 406-408, 380- 437, 386– 389
J. W. Beesten. Automation of Tandem Mills. Iron and Steel Inst, 1973, 190 (8): 22-28
下土桥渡, 冈村俊一. 压延口一ルのサーマルヶうウンの解析. 塑性と加工, 1988, 29(3): 327
下土桥渡. ワーヶローキルッスを考虑したロール间隙形状の力学モデル. 塑性と加工, 1981, 22(1): 246
P. A. Attack. Control of Thermal Camber by Spray Cooling When Hot Rolling Aluminum. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1996, 23(1): 69-73
S. R. Wang, A. Tseng. Macro and Micro Modeling of Hot Rolling of Steel Coupled by a Micro Constitutive Relationship. Iron and Steelmaker, 1996, 15(9): 49-61
张绚丽, 张杰, 魏钢城, 等. 带钢热连轧机工作辊温度场及热辊型的理论与实验研究. 冶金设备, 2002, (133): 1-3
X. M. Zhang, Z.Jiang, A. K. Tieu. Numerical Modeling of the Thermal Deformation of CVC Roll in Hot Strip Rolling. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2002, 130(12): 219-223
Vladimr, B. Ginzburg. Application of Coolflex Model for Analysis of Work Roll Thermal Condition in Hot Strip Mills. Iron and Steel Engineer, 1997, (11): 38-45
H. Sumi. A Numerical Model and Control of Plate Crown in the Hot Strip or Plate Rolling. Advanced Technology of Plasticity, 1984, 2: 1360-1365
廖三三. 宽带钢热连轧机轧辊温度场及热凸度的研究. [北京科技大学硕士学位论文]. 2000: 37
包仲南. 带钢热轧工作辊瞬态温度场及热磨辊的研究. [北京科技大学硕士学位论文]. 1996: 31-40, 20
包仲南, 陈先霖, 张清东. 带钢热轧机工作辊瞬态温度场的有限元仿真. 北京科技大学学报, 1999, 21(1): 60-63
S. W. Hwang. Finite Element Analysis of Temperatures, Metal Flow and Roll Pressure in Hot Strip Rolling. ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1993, 115(8): 290-298
R. Baskiyar. Finite Element Analysis of the Temperature Profile of Rolls. Steel Research, 2000, 71(4): 115-117
李俊洪. 板带轧机板形计算理论及其在宽带轧制中应用研究. [燕山大学博士学位论文]. 2003: 50-51
陈宝官, 陈先霖. 用有限元法预测板带轧机工作辊热变形. 钢铁, 1991, 26 (8): 40-44
V. B. 金兹伯格. 高精度板带材轧制理论与实践. 姜明东, 王国栋译. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2000: 316-327, 205-231
P. G. Stevens. Increasing Work-Roll Life by Improved Roll-Cooling Practice. J. Iron &Steel, 1971, (1): 1-11
M. P. Guerrero. Modelling Heat Transfer in Hot Rolling Work Rolls.Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1999, 94: 52-59
大岛启生ほか. アルミニウムフ才イル压延における形状制御シミュンしーション. R&D神户制钢计报, 1983, (2): 15-21
日本钢铁协会. 板带轧制理论与实践. 王国栋, 吴国良译. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 1990: 197-203
J. C. Jaeger. Moving Sources of Heat and the Temperature at Sliding Contacts.Proceedings
of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 1942, 76: 31-37
张洪济. 热传导. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1992: 52-61
王加璇. 热工基础及热力设备. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1987: 36-38
俞昌铭. 热传导及其数值分析. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1982:321-366
G. T. Pallone.Transient Temperature Distribution in Work Rolls During Hot Rolling of Sheet and Strip.Iron and Steel Engineer, 1983, 60(12): 57-62
曹玉璋. 传热学. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2001: 31-35
Karl-Heinz Weber, Mathematische Modellievung des Temperaturelaufs Beim Warmalzen Von Grobblech und Band. Neue Hütte, 1973, (5): 285
王久彬. 高铬铸铁轧辊的力学性能. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1995: 24
符寒光. 高速钢轧辊研究的现状及展望. 钢铁, 2000, 35(5): 68-73
G. 范施特登, J. G. M. 特尔曼. 用于提高生产率和带材质量的工作辊冷却系统设计新方法. 贺毓辛. 四届国际轧钢学术会议, 法国多维尔, 1987. 北京, 冶金工业出版社, 1990: 56-168
李世炫. 热辊型动态形成过程的机理研究－2800铝带热精轧机热辊型仿真分析. [中南工业大学博士学位论文]. 1996: 46-47
王勖成. 有限元法. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003: 38-88
梁清香, 张根全. 有限元与MARC实现. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2003: 58-99
嘉木工作室. ANSYS5.7有限元实例分析教程. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002: 2-4
陈火红. Marc 有限元实例分析教程. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002: 329-335
D. R. 克罗夫特, D. G. 利利. 传热的有限差分方程计算. 张风禄译. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 1982: 106-112
蔡宣三. 最优化与最优控制. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1982: 162-171
连家创, 刘宏民. 板厚板形控制. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 1996: 75-77
刘志俭. Matlab应用程序用户接口. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000: 256-306
苏金明, 阮沈勇. MATLAB6.1实用指南. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002: 262-317
许波, 刘征. Matlab工程数学应用. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2000: 283-332
K. Mori, K. Osakada and T. oda. Simulation of Plane Strain Rolling by the Rigid-Plastic Finite Element Method. Int, J. Mech. Sci, 1989, (24): 76-82
Annika Nilsson. FE Simulation of Camber in Hot Strip Rolling. Journal of Material Processing Technology, 1998, (8): 12-16
V. B. 金兹伯格. 板带轧制工艺学. 马清东, 陈荣清, 赵晓林译. 北京: 冶金工艺出版社, 1998: 448-455
张建宇. 分段冷却控制板形的理论研究. [燕山大学硕士学位论文]. 1997:8-69