摘要
目前在土木工程领域中,建筑设计软件、结构计算软件和施工计费软件等都是各自独立的数据系统,在建筑的某个阶段也是如此。如AUTOCAD及ARCHI CAD两者的数据系统也是相互独立,数据不能共享。这样,不同的设计事务所或不同的设计师之间沟通往往存在一定的障碍,毕竟,要同时熟悉多个软件有时是有些困难的。而且,许多工程出于工期或安全要求,对一个项目必须要使用两个及以上的软件进行计算分析以比较计算结果,这样,就必须对同一个模型两次以上建模,对人力、物力造成巨大的浪费。事实上,设计师的主要精力是放在对模型的修改与对结果的鉴别上,而不是纯粹地做一些机械性的操作。如果软件之间的数据交换能够不需要通过人的机械式操作而能自动完成,将节约大量时间成本并且增加可观的经济效益。所以软件之间的数据转换研究有很大的应用前景和研究意义。
统一建筑工业界的数据标准是解决这个问题的最佳方式也是目前国内国际研究的方向。此前,ISO(国际标准组织)成立了包括建筑工业、机械、电器等行业在内的STEP标准(产品模型标准),但是,由于涵盖范围太广,数据标准过于庞大未能达到相应的应用程序,只在相对较小的范围内能够实现一些数据交换,如机械制造领域等。
从实际应用的现实目的出发,欧洲钢结构联盟于1987年开始启动CIMsteel project计划,决定在钢铁结构中建立一个集设计、计算、施工管理及钢材加工一体化的数据标准。经过近十年的努力,终于在1996年推出了CIS(钢结构集成一体化设计)标准的第一个版本CIS/1.0。此后,在2002年,推出了此标准的第二个版本CIS/2.0,简写为CIS/2。
本文在介绍CIS标准及其使用的EXPRESS语言来定义CIS系统元素的基础上,说明了在空间结构中如何使用CIS标准来编写输入输出程序。并且简要分析了空间结构在CIS系统中的必需元素,如几何模型中的点、线、面,有限元计算模型中的结点、单元、荷载及边界条件等,使得软件在转换模型数据后不需要做修改就可以直接应用在空间结构设计中。在国内还未有人介入CIS系统的情况下,提出了国内的螺栓球、套筒、挡板等一系列的空间结构中必须元素。为了能够把CIS标准应用到实际工程中,编写了从STCAD数据到SAP2000的转换程序,实现了通过CIS标准达到两种软件交换数据的目的。最后,还分析了CIS标准优缺点及与其他标准相比较时的优势与发展方向。
Starting from the purpose of practical application, European Union of Steel Structure implemented the CIMsteel project plan in 1987, aiming to establish a data standard including design, calculation, construction management and steel processing. Hard endeavor of almost 10 years is to turn the CIS/1.0 to reality in 1996.And then, the CIS/2.0 in 2002.
This paper analyzes the processing of writing input/output programs in space structure by CIS, and also some key elements which can be applied directly in space structure without modified, after introducing the CIS standard and EXPRESS language which is used to define the CIS elements. In this case that nobody in China have adjusted the CIS, this paper defines some key elements such as bolt ball, socket of domestic specification, a program that converts data produced by STCAD to the format of SAP2000 for the purpose of CIS practical application. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of CIS are introduced and also the development trend.
Due to the development of computer technology, the construction industry has also developed rapidly. Take AUTOCAD, ARCHI CAD for example,the CAD softwares are also on a new stage. CAE field of finite element method is represented by ANSYS, ABQUS. The structural design softwares are different from each other for their different developer, including SAP2000, STAAD.pro, TEKLA and PKPM, Guangsha. While in the other fields such as management and budget, Qinghua Sville and God are often used.
However, these softwares are independent, both of the whole system and parts of it. For example, the data can not be shared by AUTOCAD and ARCHI CAD. In this way, two designers may have trouble communication for it is not easy for people to get familiar with a lot of softwares. Besides, sometimes it is required to contrast results of two analysis software on the same project for the sake of safety or processing.Designer will build model twice, which means lots of money and time are wasted. In fact, a skilled designer’s main task is to design model and check results, rather than to do something purely mechanical. The research of data conversion between softwares is of great importance in applications.
Software for data conversion is gathering momentum and is there to stay. As a result of the large number of applications of AUTOCAD, the definition of DXF text format become the factly standard for data conversion. In fact, the deficiencies of DXF standards are very clear, for example, the text is too large, there is almost only one date--the pure geometric model data, and information loss may occur in conversion.
Therefore, the reunification of the construction industry data standards is the best way to solve this problem, and also the main trend of study in the world. Previously, ISO (International Standards Organization) has established the industry standards (standard product model), including the construction, machinery, electrical appliances industry. But, because the scope is too broad to meet the appropriate role, data conversion can be achieved only in a relatively small field, for example, machinery manufacturing.
According to the above, it is obviously that the research of a unified data standard in construction industry is of great prospect application and research value. In this paper, the usage of CIS standards is introduced with a detailed description. And also, the prospect and application of space structure in China. The data conversions between different softwares are achieved. This paper also provides examples of CIS application. I hoped it will stimulate more ideas from others.
引文
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