摘要
中国房地产市场开始发展,至今已经历30年的改革。在这30年里,房地产的发展体现着政府一次又一次的思路,也夹杂着人们一场又一场的悲喜。值得关注的是,近几年来,“保障性住房”这个中心词在政府出台的指导文件中出现的频率越来越大,至2007起,关于保障性住房的建设以及相关的各种限制指令从崭露头角上升到风起云涌,尤其在十二五规划和刚刚闭幕的“两会”中,房价这个词,牵动着全国人民的心,保障性住房的建设将成为今年的重中之重。住宅产业在房地产行业中的地位根深蒂固,对于与保障住房的建设相关的课题是将被政府和学者不断挖掘和改进的,它对于政府治理国家,人民安居乐业有巨大的推动作用。
但是,也正是在房地产改革频频波动的这几年中,房价上涨的速度较之于房改的速度达到了出乎意料的突飞猛进的程度,对于现在的房价,大多数的百姓望而却步,政府也似乎束手无策,而却又有一些房地产商也苦声载道,在中国的房地产行业的这种情况说明瓶颈正在形成,在这个行业里参与的各方都没有实现自己的效用最大化,整个社会和经济环境也没有达到一个效用最大化、福利最大化的帕累托最优。而这个支柱性的庞大行业僵持不前的现状是不利于我国经济发展和民生改善的。因此,目前随之而来的,中国的住房保障制度该怎样建设成为了亟待解决的问题。一直以来,房地产界就有一个是由政府还是市场提供住房的争论,而政策也在二者之间徘徊不定,所以,上面的这个问题恰好又可以转化为保障性住房和商品化住房之间的关系该如何界定的问题。
现实中,对房地产市场的研究也是非常有意义的,因为它除了具有经济意义之外,它更贴近民生,在刚刚闭幕的十一届全国人大四次会议上,国家发改委副主任徐宪平在答记者问中提到,“十二五”期间要建设城镇保障性安居工程3600万套,其中今明两年各1000万套,后面三年还有1600万套,将使保障性住房的覆盖率达到20%,可见房地产业的健康发展是当今我国政府治国爱民的大方向,也是政府执政中被全世界关注的焦点,但是政府资金的短缺也是显而易见的,这时,能否利用其他的模式建设保障性住房是当下我国政府、学者乃至全国人民积极探索的解决住房问题的热点。本文将从政府通过多元化的方式提供保障性住房这个角度,对住房保障制度建设进行探索性研究。当前,国内对我国房地产市场的研究,大多是从宏观角度,主张建立多层次的住房供应体系,而对如何更有效率的提供保障性住房,以及如何具体运用市场化、价格机制、金融资本市场等来服务于政府建设保障性住房体系的研究并不多,本文将以此为研究点来探索,试图将市场化作用于政府的宏观调控政策制定。
The purpose of this topic stems from the difficult to understand some thoughts on China's real estate industry.
There have been 30 years since China started to develop and reform the real estate market, over the past 30 years, the reform can be described as the real estate market experienced some magnificent going up on and stepping down from the stage, the concern is that in recent years the state has adopted a "housing" as the starting point and end point of the document, and in 2007 as the formal use of the "domestic industry" , the housing industry was to be the leading industry to stimulate domestic demand, the housing security was to be the livelihood of the public works,implied that the country has already started and tried hard to the social security system construction.
However, it is also in the frequent years of housing reform, housing prices relative to the speed of housing reform is to reach an unimaginable level of rapid, for the current room price, most people do nothing, the government has acted helpless, but there are many real estate developers had repeatedly complained, which shows the real estate industry in China must be difficult to reconcile the bottleneck there, making all the parties involved do not to achieve their utility maximization, or did not make the whole economy and society to a utility maximization, welfare maximization of the optimal state. And this huge industry with stalemating status quo is not conducive to economic development and livelihood improvement. Therefore, it is followed the emergence of this proposition, how to build the housing system in China? All along, there is a debate on the provision of housing between low-income housing and commodity house, and to hesitate between the two policies, therefore, the above issue can be converted into how to define the relationship between the affordable housing and the commercialization of housing .
Currently, the research on the real estate market is also very meaningful, because in addition to its economic meaning, it is more close to people's livelihood, and the healthy development of the real estate industry is currently loving the general direction of our government running the country, as well as the focus of attention around the world , is the moment our government, scholars and even people across the country to solve the housing problem and actively explore the hot spots. This article will go on an exploratory study from the standpoint of the government provide affordable housing through the market which means the point of view of the housing security system. At present, the domestic real estate market research in China, mostly were from a macro perspective, advocated the establishment of a multi-level housing supply system, but on how to provide more efficient affordable housing, and how to build a specific application market, the price mechanism, financial capital markets to serve the construction of affordable housing in the government system is not many. This article will explore this as an attempt to turn into the market for the government's macro-control policy.
引文
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