摘要
鸡大肠杆菌病，是严重危害养鸡业的重要疾病，据统计，该病(含并发症)已占豫北六地市鸡病总病例的17.53％。由于其血清型复杂，耐药菌株不断增加，给防治工作带来了巨大困难。基于此，很有必要对豫北地区鸡大肠杆菌的发病情况作深入细致的调查和分析，找出发病规律，制定出较为科学合理的预防和治疗措施。
从豫北地区139家养鸡场的发病鸡中分离出大肠杆菌，经常规方法培养、纯化、镜检，分离出符合大肠杆菌培养特性和形态特征的菌株有147株，分离率为78.62％，经生理生化鉴定，其结果也符合本菌特性。有111株被鉴定出血清型，共分出18个血清型，主要血清型是O_(141)，O_(147)，O_(149)，O_(88)，O_(78) O_1，O_2，O_(115)等，其中O_(141)20株占定型菌株的18.02％，O_(88)和O_(78)各12株，分别占定型菌株的10.81％，O_(147)，O_(149)，O_1各8株，分别占定型菌株的7.27％，O_27株，O_(115)6株，分别占定型菌株的6.31％和5.41％；此外，尚有O_(76)，O_(35)，O_(101)，O_(111) O_(97)，O_(86)，O_(125)，O_(138)，O_(139) O_(161)等非常见血清型。用88株分离菌株接种供试雏鸡后，发病症状及剖检病变均符合本病特征。高致病性菌株、中度致病菌株、低致病性菌株分别占50％，26.14％，23.86％。
采用Kirby-Bauer纸片法，用33种药敏纸片对147株分离菌进行药敏试验，结果表明，分离出的大肠杆菌耐药性已相当强，仅对氟苯尼考、先锋杆灭、广安、菌必治(头孢三嗪)、常欢、谱净、卡那霉素等药物敏感性较高。
选自试验场菌株制备大肠杆菌自家灭活苗，结合其它预防措施，用于易感鸡群，发病率显著下降；而对于发病鸡群，配以敏感药物，辅以中药制剂“菌灵散”进行治疗，也取得了理想效果。对蛋鸡、种鸡结合应用微生态制剂，则疗效更佳，发病率最高仅达2.58％，产蛋率提高3-7个百分点。此外，为防止本病发生，还应加强饲养管理和卫生消毒等综合防治措施。
Colibacillosis is an important disease, which harms poultry industry acutely. By statistics,cases of colibacillosis (including complication) are 17.53% of those of total chickendiseases. Prevention and cure to the pathogen can not be easy, because of diverse serotypeand increasing drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to invest and analyze the invasionof this kind of pathogen in the north of He Nan province, to find out the regularity ofinvasion and to make out scientific possible measure of prevention and cure.
E. coli strains were isolated from sick chicken in 139 poultry yards in the north of HeNan province, and then they were cultured, purified and tested under microscope bycommon method. 147 strains with culturing were morphological characters were isolatedand the isolating rate was 78.62%. The result of physiology and biochemistry test alsoshowed characters of the pathogen. Serotype appreciation of 111 strains were made andclassified as 18 serotypes. The main serotypes were as follows: O_(141), O_(141), O_(147), O_(149),O_(88), O_(78), O_1, O_2, O_(115).20 strains of O_(141) occupies 18.02% of the appraised strains; both12 strains of O_(88), O_(78), occupied 10.81%; 8 strains of O_(147), O_(149), O_1, occupied 7.27%; 7strainsof O_2 and 6 strains of O_(115) occupied 6.31% and 5.41% respectively. Moreover, there arespecial serotypes such as O_(76), O_(35), O_(101), O_(111), O_(97), O_(86), O_(125), O_(138), O_(139),O_(161). 88 isolated strains were used to challenge young chicken. Both clinical symptome andpathological changes of dissection fitted typical characters of the pathogen. The strains ofhigh pathogenicity occupied 50%, the middle ones did 26.14% and the low ones did23.86%.
Kirby-Bauer paper method was adopted to make susceptibility test to 147 isolated strainswith 33 kinds of susceptibility test paper slip. The results of susceptibility tests showed thatthe medicine resistance of the isolated stains was rather strong, the bacteria only showedhigh sensitivity to Florfenicol, Mequindox Powder, Fubennikaokerongxingfen, CeftriaxoneSodium, Neomycin Sulfate Soluble Powder, Amoxicillin Soluble Powder, Kanamycin,etc..
In this study, self-made extinguishable vaccine of E.coli selected from the experimentalfarm was producted, with other protective method to protect sensitive chicken block,resulting a significant decreasing sickness rate. The ideal effects were also made in infectedflocks using the vaccine with sensitivity medicine and Chinese herb medicine "Junlingsan".Microecological praeparatum used to both laying hens and breeding birds resulted a bettercurative effect, and disease incidence could only reach 2.58%. So, laying rate raised for 3%-7%. Moreover, the synthesized methods of prevention and cure should be improved toprevent the pathogen, such as management of feeding and degermation.
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