摘要
随着经济全球化的深入发展,越来越多的国家融入到世界经济之中。中间产品贸易作为国际间的一个经济现象,从其出现至今是经济全球化及国际分工深化的必然结果。作为中间产品贸易主体的跨国公司,在中间产品贸易中起着非常重要的作用。近二十年来中国中间产品贸易发展迅速,中间产品的进出口已构成中国进出口贸易的重要组成部分。中国中间产品贸易具有几个显著特征:一是受外商直接投资影响深刻;二是中间产品的进口规模较大,尤其反映在加工贸易中中间产品的本地采购率低的问题突出;三是中间产品的进出口与中国参与全球分工和中国比较优势的动态变化密切相关。在跨国公司的国际生产中,中间产品贸易具有什么特征?在特定的跨国公司内部各国企业在各自相对独立的进行垂直专业化生产的同时,中间产品贸易为何以及如何在相互关联的跨国公司生产领域中起作用的?中间产品贸易对中国贸易乃至经济发展将会产生哪些影响等?因此,如何从跨国公司的视角出发,以中间产品贸易为研究对象就成为当代国际贸易研究的一个全新课题。
论文共分七章。第一章主要对跨国公司FDI中间产品贸易的内涵进行描述;第二章从国际贸易、国际直接投资和投资贸易一体化三个方面对跨国公司FDI中间产品贸易进行了文献综述;第三章阐述了跨国公司直接投资与中间产品贸易的关系;第四章从比较优势、交易费用和关税的有效保护率等探讨了影响跨国公司FDI中间产品贸易的三个主要因素;第五章分析了跨国公司FDI中间产品贸易的效益:第六章论述了跨国公司FDI中间产品贸易在中国的实践问题;最后,对论文的研究做出结论并提出未来进一步研究的方向。
本论文的研究具有重要的理论价值和实际运用意义:第一,从跨国公司视角以中间产品贸易研究为中心,运用国际贸易学、国际投资学、产业经济学、管理学的相关理论来检验、修正传统国际贸易理论用于中间产品贸易研究值得商榷的地方,在理论层次上引入不完全竞争条件、公司科层管理调节前提条件,深入分析跨国公司FDI与中间产品贸易的关系,完善经济全球化下中间产品贸易的理论体系。第二,采用定性与定量分析相结合的方法,通过建立相关数学模型,说明了跨国公司选择中间产品供应商的条件要求;探讨了中间产品贸易发生比较优势的原因;比较了有交易费用与没有交易费用条件下中间产品贸易的差异;分析了关税政策对中间产品贸易的影响。第三,运用实证分析手段证明了中国参与国际分工的程度和中国进出口贸易受跨国公司FDI影响的深度和广度。在中国目前从跨国公司角度对上述问题的研究几乎还处于空白。
论文的主要创新之处:(1)以跨国公司为锲入点,结合跨国公司FDI中间产品贸易发生的原因及效应等对“跨国公司FDI中间产品贸易”展开研究,具有研究视角的创新。(2)在遵从传统国际贸易理论基础上,研究跨国公司直接投资对国际贸易的突破性创新理论与实践,具有研究内容的创新。(3)在探讨各因素对中间产品贸易发生机理时,努力采用模型进行分析,同时用大量的实证分析了跨国公司与中国中间产品贸易的相关性问题及其在中国的实践,力图在研究方法上有一创新。
Along with the in-depth development of economic globalization, more and more countries are integrated into the world economy. Trade in intermediates as an international economic phenomenon is a natural result of economic globalization and international division of labor ever since its emergence. As the main agent trading in intermediate goods, multinational corporations play a very important role in intermediate goods trading. In these recent twenty years, trade in intermediate goods developed rapidly, and the import and export of intermediate goods constitute an important part of China's total international trading. China's trade in intermediate goods has three salient characteristics. First, it is influenced profoundly by foreign direct investment. Second, the scale and volume of intermediate goods import is large, which is especially reflected in the low local procurement rate in the processing trade. Third, the import and export of intermediate goods is closely related to China's participating in economic globalization and its dynamic comparative advantage. In multinational corporations' international production process, what characteristics will intermediate goods trading have? Within a certain multinational corporation, with the different branch companies in different countries operating relatively independently in the vertical specification production process, why and how does trade in intermediate goods work in these interrelated multinational corporations' production processes? What implications will trade in intermediates generate for China's foreign trade and even economic development? Therefore, it presents before us a completely new topic in international trade research to investigate the trade of intermediate goods from the perspective of multinational corporations.
This paper includes seven chapters. Chapter 1 mainly describes the content of multinational corporations' trade in intermediate goods; the second chapter is literature review about FDI's trade in intermediate goods from the three perspectives of international trade, international foreign investment and the integration of investment and trade. The third chapter illustrates the relationship between multinational corporation's foreign direct investment and trade of intermediate goods; the fourth chapter explores the factors affecting FDI's trade in intermediate goods from the three aspects of comparative advantage, transaction cost and the effective protection rate of tariff; the fifth chapter analyses the effect and efficiency of FDI's trade in intermediate goods; the sixth chapter discusses the practical application of FDI's trade in intermediate goods in China; finally, the article concludes with some conclusions and suggestions for further research.
The research we made in this paper has some important theoretical and practical implications: first, centering on trade in intermediate goods from the perspective of multinational corporations, we used the related theories in international trade, international investment, industrial economics and management to testify and modify the controversial issues when applying the traditional international trade theory to intermediate goods trading; theoretically, introducing the conditions of imperfect competition and corporate hierarchical management, we made in-depth analysis of the relationship between multinational corporations' FDI and trade in intermediate goods, and made improvements in the theories of intermediate goods trading in the context of economic globalization. Second, using qualitative and quantitative analyses, by specifying related mathematical models, we illustrated the conditions and requirements that multinational corporations demand when they choose intermediate goods suppliers; we explored the reasons behind the comparative advantage of intermediate goods trading, compared the differences of intermediate goods trading between the two cases of having or not having transaction cost, and we also discussed the extent to which tariff policies affect intermediate goods trading. Third, we empirically tested to what extent China has participated in international division of labor and the extent and depth to which China's international trade is affected by multinational corporations' FDI. Research on the above issues from the perspective of multinational corporations remains yet absent in China up to the moment.
The major contributions of this article are as follows: (1) From the perspective of multinational corporations, by analyzing the factors affecting multinational corporations FDI's trade in intermediate goods and their effect and efficiency, we discussed trade in intermediate goods by multinational corporations FDI. This is the contribution we made as far as research perspective is concerned; (2) Based on the traditional theory of international trade, we analyzed the innovative theory and practice of intermediate goods trading by multinational corporations FDI, and this is the contribution we made as far as the research content is concerned; (3) When analyzing the mechanisms by which various factors influence the trade in intermediate goods, we make efforts to use models, and at the same time, we empirically test the correlationships between multinational corporations and China's trade in intermediate goods. We attempt to make some contributions in the methods we use.
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