统一信息论视域中的学习及学习技术研究
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摘要
学习有两个根本性的作用:个人的发展与社会的进步。随着科学技术的发展,人类进入信息时代,社会对于人的要求、人对自身的需求等各方面的变化将带来学习与学习技术的变革。本研究将从信息的视角对学习与学习技术进行一种梳理,并试图提出一种信息范式的学习。
     宏观上,本文将在信息与进化关系的论述中展开对学习的作用与意义的探讨,并在学习技术的研究视角中指出目前的社会状态下学习从知识范式向信息范式转变的社会需求与实现可能性;微观上,本文将考察学习的信息本质,提出信息范式学习的基本模型——一种生成性的生态系统;并以此作为学习技术的一个新的分析框架,提出了开放服务架构的学习技术模型。主要内容如下:
     第一章问题与方法主要论述研究背景、问题及研究方法。
     第二章统一信息论视域中的协进模型——一个统一的学习分析框架主要论述信息在复杂性和进化中的作用,指出学习与社会文化进步、社会文化保持的关系,并论证学习是一个信息的过程,其指向性是信息的积变——创新,提出了统一信息论中协进分析模式。
     第三章知识的作用与局限——信息视角中的工业社会教育分析主要从知识与工具理性的批判入手,论证在工业社会中制度与知识的双向建构,指出知识教育的信息阻隔作用。同时从时代演变的角度指出知识传递式的教育模式的不足,一种全民的创造性学习将取代传统的维持性教育。
     第四章信息社会的学习模型重构——信息流视域中的学习积变在论证符号学习、指向自然学习、指向社会学习的信息统一性之后,根据对信息的分析构建一种基于网络信息技术的信息范式的学习模型,也作为整个学习技术的分析框架。
     第五章开放学习服务模型通过对已有学习技术的分析,指出开放服务是一种基本的趋向——一种协同化、多元化、去中心的技术模式。最后提出一个相对广泛的开放学习服务模型。
     第六章一个学习系统的设计与实现通过对外汉语学习系统的设计与实现验证本文的部分观点——一种开放的、平等的、交互的、多元的信息学习范式的技术可能性与有效性。
     结语对文章进行了简单的总结,指出以后的研究方向。
     本研究是以信息为核心概念对传统教育与学习进行一次审视,从社会需求和人的学习本质两个方面论述信息范式学习的可能性,并以此为基础提出开放服务的学习技术架构,涉及到多个领域。
There are two basic functions of learning: personal fulfillment and the progress of society. With the development of science and technology, human beings are entering the information age, the changes in various sides, such as, the change in social requirements of people, the change in people's self-requirements, lead to the reform of learning and learning technology. The current research sorts out the learning and learning technology from the aspect of information, attempting to put forward an informational paradigm of learning.
     In general, the dissertation focuses on the discussion of the relationship between information and evolution to describe the significance and functions of learning, points out it is essential to change from the knowledge-oriented to informational Paradigm under the present social stage. In specific, the dissertation investigates the essence of information, proposes a basic model of information-oriented learning. Taken the model as the new analysis system of learning technology, the dissertation posts the learning technology model of open services architecture. The layout of thesis is as follow.
     Chapter One has a focus on the illustration of the background, questions and methods of the research.
     Chapter Two discusses the functions of information in the process of evolution, pointing out that learning is related to the evolution and maintenance of social culture; and argues that learning is a process of information; its directivity is the emergence of information-innovation.
     Chapter Three discusses the two-way structure between system and knowledge in the industrial society from the aspects of the rational criticism of knowledge and tool, pointing out information iris action of knowledge education. At the same time, points out the limitations of the model that education is embodied through knowledge from the view of change of time, a creative learning will take the place of the traditional education.
     Chapter four constructs an information-oriented learning model based on network information technology after arguing the information uniformity of sign learning, nature-directed learning, and society-directed learning.
     Chapter Five proposes that open service is a basic tendency-a synergetic, multiple technology model by analyzing the existing learning technology. At last, a relatively wide-ranging learning system based on open service is posted, relevant service model is designed.
     Chapter Six tests the dissertation's views—the possibility and validity of setting up an open, equal, interactive, and multiple information-oriented learning system by designing and experimenting the Chinese learning as a foreign language system
     Finally, Several conclusions are made to sum up the research briefly and display some recommendations for further research. Taken the concept of information as a core, the current research surveys the traditional education and learning comprehensively, discusses the possibility and necessity of information-oriented learning from the view of social and personal requirements from a variety of sides, trying to establish a relatively integrated theory-technology system.
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