摘要
近年来,随着城市化快速推进,农村人口“空心化”作为城市化的并行趋势,不可逆转,以村庄合并为主要内容的“大村庄”制在中国农村逐步展开。这将对整个农村形态、村庄地域分布产生长期、动态影响,并将对连接农村区域末端节点的农村公路造成影响,直接导致目前大规模的以通村、通乡为主要内容的农村公路建设面临建成公路服务对象日益减少,甚至举各方之合力修建的通村公路,在建成后由于村庄合并搬迁而被废弃的尴尬。因此,如何在农村人口“空心化”趋势下,合理布局农村公路,既满足出行需求,又保证投资绩效,具有重大现实意义。
论文采用国际对比的方法,首先讨论了国际农村复兴经验和国外城市化发展经验,基于国际经验提出了在村庄合并基础上发展农村公路的农村人口“空心化”趋势下农村公路构建策略。
节点是农村公路布局的起点,连接节点的确定是本研究的关键。论文从乡镇特点出发,讨论了论文研究范围——乡道,连接节点的类型,并对行政村一级节点,基于村庄合并基础上构建农村公路的发展策略,采用AHP-模糊评价法,构建评价指标体系,建立评价模型,制定了对行政村一级节点进行筛选、确定的方法。
在分析将节点重要度法和交通区位法联合用于农村公路布局优势的基础上,提出了将其用于乡道布局的流程和具体算法。并考虑到村庄合并的过程性,提出了在过渡期为搬迁村庄提供交通支持的方式。
文中以浙江省某乡乡道布局为例,对论文所述农村公路布局方法进行了实例分析。
在村庄合并基础上构建农村公路,需要配套政策的有力支持。论文以政府与农民利益博弈为切入点,分别从推动机制、房屋拆迁安置政策、农村综合开发政策、相关土地政策和农民工社会保障政策等方面,提出了论文研究的农村公路布局方法能够有效实施所需的配套政策。
Recent years, with the rapid process of Chinese urbanization, the amount of farmers is decreasing, as an irreversible trend. The incorporation of villages is launched progressively in Chinese rural area. This will exercise long-term and dynamical influence over the pattern and distribution of villages, and then have comprehensive influence on rural road which connects the terminal nodes in rural area. This will result in the fact, that the service objects of township roads and village roads,which are being constructed, will be less and less and the township roads and village roads,which is being constructed,may be disused because of the relocation of the villages in the future. Therefore, how to plan rural road under the trend of decrease of farmers to not only meet the demand of travel but also guarantee the investment performance, it has great realistic meanings.
The paper adopts the way of comparing with countries, discusses the foreign experiences of rural rejuvenates and urbanization development. Based on the foreign experience, the strategy, which rural road should be constructed on the basis of village incorporation, is put forward.
The selection of nodes of rural road net is the key of this research. According to the characteristic of towns, the paper discusses the type of nodes that township roads connect, which is research objective of this paper. For villages, adopts AHP-fuzzy evaluation assessment, establish the evaluation index system, sets up evaluation model, and the method to select the village as node is put forward.
Based on the analysis of advantage of combination the theory for the node important degree and area location into rural planning, discusses the procedure and algorithm of application in township roads planning. Considering the process of village incorporation, puts forward the way of providing transport service for incorporated village in transition period.
The paper takes township roads in a Town of Zhejiang Province, which were planned according to the method stated in the paper, as an example, carries on the instance analysis.
It needs supporting policy that constructing rural roads on the basis of village incorporation. The paper makes the interest game between government and farmer as the breakthrough point, the policy of promotion mechanism, housing demolition and resettlement, integrated rural development, land and farmer worker social security are put forward.
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