开放式数控系统中的软CNC的研究开发
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摘要
开放式数控系统是当前数控技术研究的热点,而软CNC又是开放式数控系统中的核心技术。本文针对基于SERCOS的开放式数控体系,研究开发了软CNC。本文首先就开发环境进行研究,得出软CNC的结构,然后将开发任务进行分解,对软CNC进行具体开发。软件是在Windows NT中嵌入实时RTX子系统的环境下开发的,采用VC++6.0面向对象的编程语言,利用多线程来实现多任务的执行,通过创建共享内存来实现进程间的通讯。本文重点进行了软CNC中的代码解释、刀具补偿和插补的研究,最后针对三坐标铣床进行了实际测试。
    数控系统中的代码解释是把输入的信息最终要转换成系统能够识别的信息,并针对输入的格式和内容进行检查,对错误进行警报。针对标准数控代码的特点,编制了一套代码解释的程序,并且可以对程序进行扩展。刀具补偿是数据处理中的重要组成部分,其中比较烦琐的部分是半径补偿。本文针对各种转接情况进行了详细的分析,并就临界状态的情况逐一进行了介绍,从而可以实现半径补偿功能。插补可以说是软CNC中的最重要的部分,它的性能的优劣直接关系到整个系统的运作。本文着重研究了在基于SERCOS的开放式数控体系下,如何实现高速、高精度的插补计算。通过对几种插补算法的分析比较,并具体的对两种插补算法进行了程序编制,最终确定了插补的算法,并在此基础上,对空间任意一个平面上的圆弧的插补进行了研究。
    最后在三坐标铣床上进行了实际测试,实现了对语法分析、数据处理、插补计算、运动控制以及反馈显示整个数据流程的控制,基本实现了机床数控的功能。
Soft-CNC research is the most important part of the research work of open NC system, which became the research hotspot of NC technology. This paper mainly introduces how to realize the functions of CNC, including translation of NC codes to the system, tools compensation and interpolation. In this paper, open NC system is based on SERCOS interface while software is programmed with VC++6.0 on Windows NT operating system, which is embedded with RTX. In addition, a shared memory is created for the communication between two processes and a thread is created for the multitasks.
     There are there main tasks of soft-CNC. The first task is translating NC codes to the system. The second is data processing. And the third is interpolation. In order to translate NC codes to the system, three parts of compilation is needed. The first part is to parse the accidence of words, the second part is to analyze the grammar of sentences, and the third part is to translate. This paper introduces a simple method of translation according to the feature of NC codes. And this paper can realize the function of tools compensation after carefully analyze the different joining conditions of lines or arcs. In addition, the paper can fulfill the function of interpolation, which is very important in the research of soft-CNC. Besides the function of a plane linear or arc interpolation, it can realize the linear or arc interpolation on any plane in the space. At last, it is tested on a three-coordinate milling machine.
     Soft-CNC can realize the functions of CNC in high performance and high speed CNC system. With its great advantages, it will be widely used in many fields.
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