摘要
随着油田进入高含水开发阶段，注水量大幅度增加，现有注水管网系统愈来愈不能满足油田生产的需要，改建并扩建现有管网系统已成为油田产能建设的一项重要工作。合理的管网改造方案不仅可以使系统的运行成本大大降低，还可以减少系统改造的投资。由于管网系统规模庞大，节点及管线数量众多，目前还难以单纯依靠建立系统数学模型及其算法解决实际的改造问题。
针对油田管网改造设计问题，基于注水系统仿真运行技术，结合油田管网设计，以及生产管理领域中专家解决实际问题的经验，建立起油田注水系统管网改造设计专家系统，为油田地面工程改造设计提供了一种实用的技术与工具。
油田注水管网改造专家系统包含有知识库、推理机、全局数据库、解释系统、知识获取系统及知识库管理系统，将管网系统人工改造设计过程转变为由改造设计专家系统完成。综合系统改造设计中所需考虑的知识，建立了相应的专家系统知识库、判别规则以及推理控制策略，编制了系统自动搜索算法。仿真结果表明，该系统发挥了计算机的诸多优势，有效地确定系统布局不合理之处并提出改造意见，为系统布局的改造设计提供了一条合理、高效的途径。
油田注水管网改造专家系统已在某油田管网改造设计中得到应用，工程改造实践结果证明应用专家系统可以更准确地确定改造设计方案，保证管网系统运行成本和改造投资成本得到明显的下降。油田注水管网改造专家系统是一个开放性系统，通过结合实际经验不断地丰富知识库中的知识，将更好地适应油田管网改造设计的需要。
As the oilfield enters high water cut exploitation phase, the quantity of water injection increases by a wide margin.and the former flooding system pipeline network all can not satisfy the needs of oilfield production, reconstructing and extending the former pipeline network have become an important job of oilfield building of output.The reasonable proposal of pipeline network reconstruction not only can make the operating cost of system reduce greatly.but can reduce the investment of system reconstruction.Owing to the fact that the scope of pipeline network is huge.and the quantity of nodes and pipelines is humerous.it is still hard to solve the problem of practical reconstruction merely relying on establishing mathematical model and algorithm of system at present.
Being aimed at the problem of oilfield pipeline network reconstruction,and basing on the technology of simulation operating of flooding system.and combining the design of oilfield pipeline network and the experience of experts who solve practical problems in the production management domain,the expert system of oilfield flooding system pipeline network reconstruction design is established,which provides one kind of practical technology and tool for reconstruction design of the oilfield surface engineering.
The expert system of oilfield flooding system pipeline network reconstruction contains knowledge base.inference engine.global database,explanation system,knowledge acquisition system and knowledge base management system.The man-made reconstruction design course of network will be accomplished by expert system of reconstruction design.Integating the knowledge that is needed during reconstruction design of system.the corresponding knowledge base, judging rule and inference control strategies of expert system are established,and at the same time,the automatic scan algorithm of system has been worked out.The simulation result indicates,the system exerts many superiorities of computer.and effectively defines the unreasonable part of system layout and puts forward opinions of reconstruction,and provides a reasonable way for reconstruction design of system layout.
The expert system of oilfield flooding system pipeline network reconstruction has been got the application in pipeline network reconstruction design of a certain oilfield. The practical result of engineering reconstruction proves that the apply of expert system can find out the reconstruction design proposal more accurately and ensures that the operating cost of pipeline network and the investment cost of reconstruction get clear descent.The expert system of oilfield flooding system pipeline network reconstruction is an opening system.by combining the practical experience in order to rich the knowledge of knowledge base continually.it will suit the needs of oilfield pipeline network reconstruction design better.
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