摘要
Internet已经深入到我们生活的方方面面,成为人们日常活动中不可缺少的一部分,但目前大都采用的固定接入的方式使用Internet,这在很多方面限制了它的进一步应用。同时,伴随着无线通信技术的迅速发展,移动设备大量增加,人们迫切希望这些移动设备在移动过程中能够随时地通过无线方式从Internet上获取信息,但移动用户在网络中的频繁切换和无线带宽的限制成为移动通信发展的瓶颈。由于组播通信能够利用链路级共享,采用组播传输方式后只需要少量业务数据流即可给大量用户提供服务,能够有效地节省网络带宽,减少网络通信延迟,提高传输的效率,对诸如远程教学、视频会议、Internet电视等新兴的Internet应用非常有用。移动和组播的结合扩大了移动和组播的应用范围,为两者的应用带来了更广泛的发展空间,达到了优势互补的效果,同时也给两者都带来了新的挑战,因而移动组播技术也已经成为移动IP技术科研领域中的一个研究热点。
本文对现有的几种移动组播算法进行了分析研究,并重点研究了几种层次化移动组播算法。在此基础上,针对远程加入中存在的两个缺陷:(1)组播树重构频率随着移动节点的切换次数的增加而增大;(2)移动节点发生切换时,组播服务中断时间较长。结合层次型的移动管理模型,并根据移动节点在运动时所表现出的规律性,提出一种基于移动预测的移动组播算法。算法的基本思想是采用移动预测的方法预测移动节点未来要进入的新子网,提前将组播分组转发至预测的新子网,从而降低组播分组的丢失率,缩短组播服务的中断时间,提高移动组播服务的性能。同时,在组播服务中引入层次化的移动管理方案,将移动节点在区域内的移动屏蔽起来,减少了由于节点移动而导致的组播树重构频率过高的问题。对该方法的仿真结果显示,基于移动预测的移动组播算法具有组播树重构频率低、组播分组丢失率小、传输延迟小、组播服务中断时间短等优点,是一种高效的移动组播算法。
Internet has gone deep into each aspect of our life, and become an indispensable part of people's daily activities, but now the adopted way of accessing Internet is fixed acess, it limits the further application of Internet access in many ways to further limit the application of the Internet. With the rapidly increasing number of wireless communications equipment, people fervently hope to acquire the needed information by these wireless communications equipment in wireless way while moving. But moving frequently of a mobile node and saving scarce bandwidth in wireless environment is a bottleneck problem in the development of mobile communication. As multicast communication can make use of link-sharing, adopting multicast transmission only needs a small amount of traffic flow to provide services to a large number of users and it will effectively save network bandwidth, reduce network communication delay and improve the efficiency of transmission.So multicasting is very useful for some new emerging Internet applications, such as distance learning, video conferencing, Internet, television, and so on. The combination of mobile IP and multicast has expanded the application of mobile IP and multicast, brought a broader space and has achieved a complementary effect. It has also brought a new challenge to these two technologies. Thus mobile multicast technology has become a hot field of mobile IP technology research.
In this thesis, some existing mobile multicast protocols were analyzed and researched firstly, and four hierarchical mobile multicast protocols were researched especially. Based on these works, this paper proposed a novel hierarchical mobile multicast protocol based on mobility prediction. It uses a hierarchical mobile multicast architecture to isolate the local movement from outside, and improves the stability of the main multicast delivery tree. According to the mobile node movement velocity and related information of its neighboring subnet, it predicts the subnet of the mobile node for fatherland then forwards the multicast packet to the predicted subnet ahead in order to reduce multicast packet loss rate, shorten the multicast service disruption time and improve the performance of mobile multicast services. Simulation results demonstrate that this scheme is effective with low multicast tree rebuild frequency, little packet loss rate and short transfer delay.
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