摘要
阻尼材料是一种能吸收机械能、声能并将其转化为热能而耗散掉的功能材料。压电阻尼材料因其新的能量损耗机制以及可能实现部分主动阻尼控制而受到越来越多的关注。本文以氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)及其互穿网络IPN为基体,压电陶瓷PMN和导电炭黑CB为功能体,采用混炼-硫化的工艺方法制备了PMN/CB/CIIR压电阻尼复合材料,研究了复合材料的硫化工艺、力学性能、介电性能和阻尼性能,探讨了压电阻尼机理。
复合材料的硫化工艺研究表明,CIIR合适的硫化温度为170℃,硫化压力为10MPa,采用酚醛树脂作为硫化剂时,硫化时间10min能使橡胶充分硫化。PMN的加入导致复合材料力学性能的下降,PMN/CB/CIIR复合材料的拉伸强度在CB质量分数25%时达到最大。
介电性能研究表明,随着PMN体积含量的增加,PMN/CB/CIIR复合材料的介电常数ε增大。复合材料的ε和tanδ随CB含量的增加而增大,并在逾渗阈值附近增加迅速。频率的增加导致PMN/CB/CIIR的ε减小,复合材料在高频时(10~4-10~6Hz)具有良好的介电稳定性。
阻尼性能研究表明,PMN和CB的加入使得复合材料的阻尼性能变好。当PMN的体积含量为50%,CB的质量分数为25%时,PMN/CB/CIIR复合材料的阻尼性能最好。随着载荷频率的增大,复合材料的损耗因子峰向高温移动,tanδ_(max)和TA增大。
通过将CIIR溶胀于丙烯酸酯中制得顺序IPN,研究表明,CIIR在甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)中的溶胀性最好。SEM、FT-IR和TG等测试表明,PBMA与CIIR两组分间无化学作用,两种聚合物网络通过物理方式结合在一起,形成了物理互锁的网络结构。CIIR和PBMA的损耗峰能够结合起来,形成阻尼平台区,实现CIIR阻尼功能区向高温的有效拓展。PMN/CB/CIIR-PBMA的IPN材料最大损耗因子tanδ_(max)能达到0.830,TA为88.25,△T(tanδ＞0.5)为72.17℃,tanδ大于0.5的有效功能区从-37℃持续至35℃。实现了压电阻尼与互穿网络阻尼等多重阻尼机理的协同作用。
The damping material is one of the functional materials which can absorb mechanical energy,sound energy and transforms them as the heat energy to dissipated. The piezoelectric-damping composites has attracted increasing attentionhas attracted increasing attention because of its new mechanism of energy loss.The Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate(PMN)/conductive carbon black(CB)/chlorobutyl rubber(CIIR) composites are prepared by blending-vulcanization method.The vulcanization proerss,mechanical properties,dielectric properties and damping properties of the composites are investigated and the energy loss mechanism of the composites is revealed in this dissertation.
The vulcanization procrss research indicates that the appropriate curing temperature of CIIR is 170℃and the appropriate curing pressure is 10 MPa.The rubber could be full cured through 10min when use phenolic resin as the curing agent. The mechanical properties of composites would decrease with the PMN adding.The tensile strength of PMN/CB/CIIR composites reaches maximum when the fraction of CB at 25%.
The dielectric properties research indicates that composites' dielectric properties have been improved with PMN adding.Dielectric constant and dielectric loss increase nonlinearly when increasing the content of PMN or CB.The dielectric constant of PMN/CB/CIIR composites decreases with the frequency increasing and the dielectric constants are more stable under high frequency(10~4-10~6Hz).
The damping performance of PMN/CB/CIIR composites has been improved with PMN and CB adding.The composites has the best damping capacity when the volume content of PMN at 50%and the mass fraction of CB at 25%.The loss factor peak of the composites move to higher temperature,tanδ_(max) and TA increased along with the load frequency increasing.
The IPN research indicates that the best swelling capacity is BMA when CIIR in the acrylate.The measuring of SEM、FT-IR and TG show that there is no chemical action between PBMA and CIIR in the composites,they unite by physical way and get a structure with physical interlock network.The loss factor peaks combine with CIIR and PBMA,and form a damping platform area,therefore realiae the damping function area of CIIR to a effective development at high temperature.The IPN's maximum loss factor of tanδ_(max) can arrive 0.830,TA can be 88.25,△T(tanδ＞0.5)can get 72.17℃.The effective functional area can from-37℃to 35℃when tanδ＞0.5.The damping capacity of PMN/CB/CIIR composites have been improved by IPN,the piezoelectricity damping and the interpenetrating network damping have the synergistic effect on the composites.
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