摘要
认知技术能够极大的提高系统的频谱利用率,而协作传输能够提高系统容量,认知和协作技术已经成为未来无线通信系统的两个关键技术。在认知网络中,应用协作传输技术,可充分利用了空间分集增益,提高通信性能。
本文对协作通信中的关键技术及认知网络中的中继传输等问题进行了研究,主要成果如下:
1.针对单个源节点,单个目的节点,和单个中继节点的情况,给出一种基于自适应中继协议的递增中继传输方案,其中只有当直接传输到目的节点的接收信噪比低于某一门限时,中继节点才会参与协作传输。并且,如果中继节点能够正确接收到信息,则采用解码中继协议重复发送信息。否则,中继节点采用放大中继协议发送信息。目的节点采用最大比值合并接收信号。结果表明自适应中继协议优于已有的固定中继协议。
2.针对单个源节点,单个目的节点,和单个中继节点的情况,给出一种自适应调制的递增中继传输协议,源节点和中继节点根据中继节点与目的节点的接收信噪比信息,自适应的选择调制方式发送信息。分析了瑞利信道中自适应调制递增中继传输的中断概率和比特错误概率。结果表明该协议能够提高数据通过量,优于已有的自适应调制中继传输协议。
3.针对无线协作网络中共道干扰影响中继选择的问题,首先给出一种选择协作协议,目的节点采用最大比值合并,选择合并,和混合选择、最大比值合并。并推导了选择协作协议在独立不同分布瑞利信道中的中断概率,推导了选择协作的比特错误概率。接着给出了一种机会中继选择协议,选择具有最大瞬时端到端信号与干扰加噪声比的中继节点转发源节点信息。并且在考虑直接传输时,目的节点分别采用选择合并、最大比值合并,从而充分利用空间分集增益,降低了系统的中断概率。所提协议不需要中继节点之间交互信息,通过竞争的方式完成数据传输,节省了系统开销,具有较好的实用性。
4.针对认知传输系统中的中继选择问题,为了最小化次级用户的中断概率,给出一种基于门限的递增中继选择协议。在该协议中,所选中继节点产生的干扰小于某一门限值,并且主用户的通信质量不受影响。讨论了该递增中继传输的具体实现方法,并且推导了递增中继传输中次级用户的中断概率。仿真结果表明,相比于直接传输,该协议能够降低次级用户的中断概率。
5.在无线网络中,源节点经常需要通过多跳中继才能将信息传送到目的节点。同时考虑到网络中节点的能量是有限的,而协作分集通过不同节点之间的合作能够节省发送功率,因此设计能够节省发送功率的协作路由算法是非常重要的。由于在集中式算法中中心节点需要知道网络中其它节点的信息,这在大型无线网络中是很难实现的。因此,在协作传输最优功率分配的基础上,提出了两种分布式协作路由和功率分配算法,分布式分离路由和功率分配算法与分布式联合路由和功率分配算法。结果表明两种分布式算法能够取得近似集中式算法的性能。并且相对于联合协作路由和功率分配算法,分离协作路由和功率分配算法能够更加有效地节省总的发送功率。
6.在协作传输最优功率分配的基础上,提出一种修正的积累递增广播算法(MCIA),该算法允许多个节点同时传输信息到网络中的其它节点,能够减小广播信息所需的总发送功率。并且考虑到集中式MCIA在大型网络中很难实现,给出了分布式MCIA。分布式MCIA仅需要一跳范围内节点的信息,可以自适应决定协作传输节点的数目。研究结果表明,就总的发送功率而言,MCIA优于已有的广播算法。并且,分布式MCIA能够取得近似集中式MCIA的性能。
Cognitive radio is a promising way to improve the spectral efficiency. The cooperative transmission can improve the system capacity. Cognitive and cooperation are two key techniques for the future wireless communication. In cognitive radio networks, cooperate transmission can make full use of space diversity, and improve the system performance.
In this dissertation, we mainly engage in the key techniques for the cooperation transmission in cognitive radio systems. The main contributions of the dissertation are as follows:
1. Under the circumstance of one source, one relay, and one destination, an incremental relaying scheme based on adaptive relaying protocol is presented. Only the signal noise ratio (SNR) at the destination below a threshold, can the relay take part in the cooperative transmission. Moreover, the relay deploys decode and forward (DF) protocol, if the relay can decode the message from the source node correctly. Otherwise, the amplified and forward (AF) protocol is deployed at the relay. The destination decodes the message with the maximal ratio combining (MRC) scheme. Simulation results show the adaptive relaying protocol is better than the existing protocol.
2. Under the circumstance of one source, one relay, and one destination, an adaptive modulation incremental relaying protocol is presented. As the SNR at the destination is below a threshold, the source and the relay will select the appropriate modulation mode according to the SNR at the relay and destination, respectively. Simulation results show the proposed protocol outperforms the existing adaptive modulation protocol.
3. Focusing on the problem that co-channel interferences affect the relay selection in the wireless networks, a selection cooperation protocol is firstly proposed. In the protocol, MRC, selection combining (SC) and hybrid MRC and SC schemes are deployed at the destination. The exact outage probability of selection cooperation was derived in Rayleigh fading channels. Moreover, the bit error rate of selection cooperation was derived. Then we propose an opportunistic relaying which selects the relay with maximum instantaneous end-to-end signal to noise-interference ratio (SINR) forwarding the source message. Moreover, as the direct transmission is taken into account, MRC and SC schemes are deployed at the destination to combine the direct transmission and relay transmission, which can make full use of space diversity and decrease the system outage probability. Compared with the existing relay selection protocols, the proposed protocols do not need the information exchange between any two relays, and the data transmission is finished by competition. So the proposed protocols have the low system cost and good practicability.
4. Under the constraint of spectrum-sharing, we propose a threshold based incremental relaying protocol to minimize the secondary user outage probability in cognitive radio systems, where the interferences caused by the selected relay and the secondary user transmitter are below than an optimal interference threshold. When the proposed protocol is applied in the cognitive radio systems, the outage probability of secondary user is derived in the Rayleigh fading channels. Simulation results show that compared with the direct the transmission, the protocol can decrease the secondary user outage probability.
5. It is often the case that the source node transmits the message to the destination by several hops in wireless networks, where all nodes are powered by battery with limited energy supply. Cooperative transmission can save the transmission power significantly by making full use of the space diversity, and therefore it is crucial to design the energy efficient cooperative routing and power allocation algorithm in the wireless networks. However, the centralized cooperative routing and power allocation algorithms require the global location knowledge at each node, which is hard to realize in large sensor networks. Hence, in this paper, based on the optimal power allocation in cooperative transmission, two distributed algorithms, Distributed separate route and power allocation algorithm (D-SRPA) and Distributed joint route and power allocation algorithm (D-JRPA), are proposed to minimize the total transmission power. Results show that the proposed distributed algorithms can get the similar performance as the corresponding centralized algorithms. Furthermore, compared with D-JRPA, D-SRPA can save the total transmission power more efficiently.
6. Based on the optimal power allocation in cooperative transmission, a modified cumulative increment algorithm (MCIA) was proposed. The algorithm permits multiple nodes simultaneously transmitting the message to other nodes in the networks, and can reduce the total transmission power for broadcast. Moreover, considering that the centralized MCIA is hard to realize in large wireless networks, the distributed MCIA was presented. The distributed MCIA requires only 1-hop neighborhood information, and can adaptively determine the number of nodes for transmission. Results show that in terms of total transmission power, MCIA can get a better performance than the existing broadcast algorithms. Furthermore, the performance of distributed MCIA is close to that of centralized MCIA.
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