摘要
随着能源、环境危机日益显著,我国的“十二五”规划中提出了“节能减排”的要求,在汽车行业战略重点放在了新能源汽车,作为新能源汽车急先锋——电动汽车无疑让业界和汽车市场寄予了厚望。因此对作为低速电动汽车的很重要的分支的电动清扫车的研究具有重要的意义。
本文以电动清扫车为研究对象,根据电动清扫车的工作特点提出了总体设计方案,并进行了以下工作：首先,依据整车的主要部件尺寸用CATIA软件完成整车的三维建模,并导出二维布置草图；其次,确定清扫车行驶系统的驱动布置型式,并完成了行走动力系统的参数匹配；最后,设计了“八”字型和“π”型两种新型的清扫作业装置,经过理论论证和实验对比,最终选择了“π”型作为该车的清扫车作业装置。在电动清扫车的动力系统的方面：首先,设计出清扫作业系统的液压控制系统,设计并绘制了液压原理图并确定了主要元件的参数及型号；其次,根据清扫车的工作特点,在MATLAB/Simulink环境下分别建立作业电机的模糊控制器、作业系统等仿真模型,并在在MATLAB环境下开发一个满足其工作特点的清扫工况和两挡变速器；最后,将作业系统模型嵌入Advisor中进行二次开发,并对电动清扫车在清扫工况、恒速工况下的性能仿真分析,研究有无自定义模型和不同工况对整车仿真性能的影响。
With the energy and the environment crisis is increasingly obvious, the "energy-saving and emission reduction" requirement is put forward in the plan of Twelfth Five-Year. New energy vehicle is focused in the automotive industry. Electric automobile industry undoubtedly has been great expectations by the industry and the automotive market, therefore the study of the low-speed electric vehicle sweeper has important significance.
The paper is based on the electric cleaning vehicle, as the research object, the overall design scheme is put forwarded according to the working characteristics of the electric sweeper. Based on the overall design plan, first of all, the vehicle shape drawing is completed by CATIA software according to the size of the main parts of it. Secondly, drive arrangement of sweeping vehicle driving system is ensured, the walk parameters matching of power system is completed. Finally, a new type of "π" cleaning devices is designed. In the driving power system of electric sweeper:first of all, cleaning system for hydraulic control system is completed, hydraulic schematic drawing and the parameters and models of the main components are finished and ensured; Secondly, according to the working characteristics of electric sweeper, the simulation models of motor fuzzy controller, driving system and so on are designed in the MATLAB/Simulink, in the MATLAB environment cleaning condition and two speed transmission are designed to meet the characteristics of work. Finally, the operating system model is embedded to Advisor to develop, and performance simulation and analysis of the electric sweeper under the conditions of clean and constant speed are finished, to research the Influence of vehicle performance simulation in has and no custom models and different working conditions.
引文
[1]张晨光,谢立扬.清扫车工作装置的匹配特性研究[J].设备管理&维修技术.2010(05)：81-84.
[2]周保华.电动汽车传动系统参数设计及换挡控制研究[D].重庆：重庆大学.2010.
[3]王泽平.电动轿车总体设计与性能仿真研究[D].合肥：合肥工业大学,2007.
[4]王芳.纯电动中型城市客车总体设计及技术研究[D].西安：长安大学,2008.
[5]孙新.港口清扫车的设计研制与应用[D].天津：天津大学,2010.
[6]周雷青.国内清扫车概况及使用维护[J].中国市政工程.2008(03)：88-89.
[7]方国浩,范明志,盛利平.道路清扫保洁机械的发展历史与趋势[J].专用汽车.2008(10)：94-95.
[8]黄良伟.城市新宠：新型环卫专用车[J].时代汽车.2007(09)：62-64.
[9]葛恒安,砌隽燕,公路养护的轻骑兵——国内路面清扫车行业发展现状分析[J].养护天地.2005(06)：68-70.
[10]吴涛.混合动力清扫车动力系统参数匹配与控制策略的研究[D].镇江：江苏大学,2009.
[11]张桂丰.电机驱动清扫装置的环保型清扫车总体设计[J].福建农机.2008(03)：65-67.
[12]秦娜.扫路车传动系统的探讨与研究[J].建筑机械技术与管理.2004(4)：25-26.
[13]李江涛.我国扫路车发展概况与发展趋势[J].建设机械技术与管理.2000(04)：16-17.
[14]冯晋祥主编.专用汽车[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2008.
[15]过学迅,邓亚东编.汽车设计[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2007.
[16]马文星.特种车辆[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2006.
[17]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2008.
[18]陈彦华. CQJ-SHZ型清扫车总体设计[J].专用汽车.1995(2：18-20.
[19]徐达,蒋崇贤.专用汽车结构与设计[J].北京：北京理工大学出版社.1998.
[20]C.C Chan and K.T Chau.Mordern Electric Vehicle Technology [M].Oxford University Press.New York,2001.
[21]徐国凯,赵秀春,苏航.电动汽车的驱动与控制[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[22]李斌花.纯电动汽车电机驱动系统控制策略研究[D].长沙：湖南大学,2005.
[23]赵硕,张缓缓,王庆年.混合动力汽车电机恒功率特性研究[J].微电机.2004,(03)：75-77.
[24]崔胜民,韩家军主编.新能源汽车概论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2011.
[25]汪新云.串联式混合动力电动客车动力系统建模与仿真[D].武汉：武汉理工大 学,2003.
[26]姬芬竹,高峰.电动汽车驱动电动机和传动系统的参数匹配[J].华南理工大学学报.2006,34(4)：33-37.
[27]薛玉春.电动汽车驱动和转向系统的振动与驱动电机的可靠性研究[D].长春：吉林大学,2007.
[28]M. Zeraoulia, etc. Electric Motor Drive Selection Issues for HEV Propulsion Systems: A Comparative Study[C],2005 IEEE.
[29]陈鹏,李维刚.2t清扫车液压系统配置分析[J].建筑机械.1999(9)：49-50.
[30]凌和平.中型道路清扫车的总体及液压电控系统的设计研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2004.
[31]王懋瑶.液压传动与控制教程[M].天津：天津大学出版社,1987.
[32]臧克江主编.液压缸[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2010.
[33]邵志刚.清扫车电控系统设计及盘刷转速控制研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2005.
[34]刘金琨.智能控制[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.
[35]严萍华,张铁山,田乃利.电动清扫车作业电机的转速和转矩的模糊控制[J],专用汽车.2011(07)：73-75.
[36]R.Johnston. Fuzzy Logic control[J]. Micorelectronics Journal,1995(126):481-495.
[37]刘叔军,姜晓平等.MATLAB7.0控制系统应用与实例[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[38]李国勇.智能控制及其MATLAB实现[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005.
[39]于浩洋,初红霞等. MATLAB实用教程——控制系统仿真与应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[40]闻新,周露,李东江,贝超. MATLAB模糊逻辑工具箱的分析与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
[41]Abdullah S, Alwadie. Analysis, Design, and Tuning of the Two-Input Two-Output Fuzzy Control systems Using the Simplified Fuzzy Rules[J].Doctor of Philosophy of wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan,2003.
[42]曹云波.基于ADVISOR纯电动汽车电动空调模块开发及仿真分析[D].长春：吉林大学,2009.
[43]陈龙.混合动力电动汽车动力性与经济性分析[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008.
[44]张翔,赵韩,钱立军.电动汽车仿真软件ADVISOR的应用[J].交通科技与经济.2004,(03)：40-43.
[45]Zeng Xiao-hua, Min Hai-tao, Xu Xing, Wang Qing-nian. Parameter Design for Power Train a Performance Simulation of Electrical City Bus[J].IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conferen(VPPC), September3-5,2008, Harbin, China:pp.242-246.
[46]Wipke K.B, Cuddy M.R, Butch S.D.ADVISOR2.1:A User-friendly Advanced Power Train Simulation Using A Combined Backward/Forward Approach[C].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.1999,48(6):1751-1761.
[47]刘磊.电动汽车蓄电池的建模与仿真研究[D].武汉：武汉理上大学,2005.
[48]Peterde Haan, Mario Keller. Real-world Driving Cycles for Emission Measurements: Artemisa Swiss Cycles[C]. Swiss Agency for Environment, Forestsand Landscape (SAEFL) B7014b2-04 Final Report.
[49]汪学明.纯电动汽车传动系统参数优化的仿真研究[D].长春：吉林大学,2009.
[50]Min Sway-Tin, Jinbiao Li, Charles Yuan Tony Markel. Application of Optimization Tools to Vehicle Systems Analysis. Proceedings of 2001 Joint ADVISOR/PSAT Vehicle Modeling Users Conference[C]. Southfield, Michigan, August 28-29,2001.
[51]John MacBain, Joseph Conover, Valerie Johnson. Co-Simulation of Electrical and Propulsion Systems using ADVISOR and Saber. Proceedings of 2001 Joint ADVISOR/PSAT Vehicle Modeling Users Conference[C]. Southfield, Michigan, August28-29,2001.
[52]黄妙华.混合动力电动汽车多能源动力总成控制系统的研究与实现[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2004.
[53]刘磊.电动汽车蓄电池的建模与仿真研究[D].武汉：武汉理上大学,2005.
[54]Michael J, Ogburn. Douglas J. Nelson. Keith Wipke. Tony Markel. Modeling and Validation of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle[C]. SAE 2000-01-1566.
[55]宋永刚,姚丽娜.高等级公路清扫车除尘机理及除尘系统设计方法研究[J].中国公路学报1995(5)：80-84
[56]Wipke K. B., Cuddy M. R., Burch S. D.. ADVISOR 2.1:a user-friendly advanced powertrain simulmion using a combined backward/forward approach [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology-Special Issue on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, 1999,1-10.
[57]陈晓明.电动汽车结构布置及设计[D].西安：长安大学,2006.
[58]刘伟.电动汽车底盘测功机的开发与研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2005.
[59]吴刚,张棉好.小型电动清扫车的研制[J].科技资讯.2011(15)：34-36.
[60]汤泽波.混合动力清扫车动力系统设计与仿真[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2011.