摘要
于2007～2009年,在大田试验条件下,对WCSODS模型在河南省的适应性进行了评价与分析,并以WCSODS模型为基础,研究了小麦植株养分吸收与土壤养分平衡的关系,构建了基于小麦长势因子的小麦追氮决策模型及基于模型的小麦养分管理决策支持系统。
本研究结果表明：
1.基于温县的生态环境,在适宜施肥条件下,经调试后的WCSODS模型生育期的模拟值与实际观测值相差4 d,而拔节期和抽穗期则分别相差3～4 d和4～5 d；籽粒产量的模拟值与实测值相差20.7～23.5 kg 6667 m-2,产量预测的RMSE为0.1148,0.1056。干物重的模拟值与实测值的相关系数达到0.978和0.964,干物重预测的RMSE为0.1228,0.1364。
2.依据养分平衡原理和“作物-土壤-环境-技术”原则,构建了小麦变量施肥模型,其中包括小麦播种前氮、磷、钾施肥总施用量和氮肥追施量的确定。该模型结合土壤空间信息与小麦需氮量及各生育阶段的最适叶面积,通过引入小麦长势订正因子,对施氮量的初值进行订正,从而确定不同小麦品种不同生育阶段的最适追氮量。
3.运用系统分析原理和数学建模技术,应用面向对象的结构化和模块化程序设计,以VB程序语言开发模型组件,以VB 7.0设计界面,Access 2000设计数据库,以小麦施肥量模型为基础,构建了基于小麦施肥量模型的小麦养分管理决策支持系统。系统由模拟模型管理、模型文件库、品种参数调整、小麦生长模拟、变量施肥模拟、标准品种参数、地点品种参数和模型字典所组成。它具有较强的系统性、动态性、机理性、预测性等多重优点,可实现小麦生长需肥量的预测、小麦干物重预测、小麦产量预测等多项功能,实现小麦养分数字化管理。
Field experiment was conducted to estimate and analyze the adaptability of WCSODS in HeNan province, establish the model of wheat on variable fertilization, and examine system the model under different fertilization treatment during 2007～2009. Simultaneously, the photosynthetic thetic product model was revised with nitrogen factor and validated systemically under N stress condition.
The results were as follows:
Firstly, there was high precision for phenophase and yield between the simulated and observed data under N optimum condition in wenxian city. Compared with the observed, the error was 4 days for whole stage,3～4 days for elongation stage and 4-5 days for holding stage. The results also showed that the observed data accorded with the simulated data of dry matter weight were 0.978 and 0.964, RMSE were 0.1228 and 0.1364, the error of yield between simulated and obserxed was 20.7-23.5 kg/667 m2, and RMSE were 0.1148 and 0.1056.
Secondly, Following theory of nutrient balance and the principle of "crop-soil-environment-technology", the VNFM (Variable Nutrient Fertilization Model of Wheat) was conceived, including N、P、K fertilization total amount before sowing and N amount after sowing, which combined according to spatial variability of soil nutrition, wheat N requirement and LAI of different phonological prase, by causing the growth status coefficient to revive N amount before sowing, and determined optimum rate of N of wheat different kind of wheat and different phonological prase. The method of fertilizing N reduced waste of N and pollution of environment, at the same time reasonable method of fertilizing N was provided for wheat yield.
Thirdly, the decision support system for nutrient management in wheat based on variable nutrient fertilization model(VNFM) was constructed by using the system analysis method, using the programme langusge of VB which is object-oriented, using VB 7.0 to empelder inteiface, and using Access 2000 to design the table of data. This system included man-machine interface、database, morphologic model database, virtual output module and scene control module. With the excellence of system, dynamic, mechanism and prediction, this system can predict nutrient fertilization amount、can predict dry matter weight、can predict yield and so on, thus the system of wheat nutrient management was realized.
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