摘要
本文以可持续发展下的再制造为背景,将正向供应链与逆向供应链结合起来形成闭环系统,其中达到生命周期的报废品或不再具有使用价值的产品并非经填埋焚烧而处理掉,而是经由逆向物流进行回收,挑拣其中具有再利用价值的部分作为“二次材料”返回到原供应链中的生产商处再制造产品,之后与新产品(由原材料制造)共同流入市场进行销售。这样形成的闭环供应链从整体的角度对资源及利益进行优化分配,极大地保护了环境,节约了资源,而且能为企业自身赢得竞争力,因此,不管在理论研究还是在实际生产管理中都获得了极大关注。
由于科技的迅猛发展及人们需求水平的提升,闭环供应链的管理问题变得更加多样化。本文应用超网络理论的知识,针对不同情形下的闭环供应链建立不同的模型,并对各层决策者的行为予以优化分析,采用变分不等式得出各个模型的均衡状态,且对其中的敏感性分析进行了研究。
本文的主要内容有如下几点：
1.建立多模式的闭环供应链模型,即在传统供应链的基础上加入了电子商务的交易方式,并引入风险因素、买卖双方的关系水平因素以及满意度等,将传统的单一决策(利润)扩展为多方面的综合决策(利润最大、风险最小、满意度最大)。
2.在闭环供应链的研究中加入多商品随机选择问题,引入随机效用理论对消费者行为进行分析。
3.将一般的静态闭环供应链拓展为动态模型,即消费者的需求随时间而变化,研究某一段时期内的闭环供应链变化情况,如产品的产量、运输量以及各种费用随时间的变化,给出了不同参数的敏感性分析及应对供应中断的相应措施。
4.供应链中涉及到诸多不确定因素,如需求的不确定,回收品质量的模糊性以及供应中断等,基于此,本文构建了随机模糊环境下闭环供应链模型,采用不确定性的基本理论对这一问题进行分析。
Based on the remanufacturing under the background of the sustainable development, this paper develops closed-loop systems combining forward supply chain and reverse supply chain, in which the discarded products those achieving the end-of-life cycle or having no use of value any more are not disposed directly by incineration processing or by landfill disposal, but recycled through reverse logistics. And recovery centers located in the reverse supply chain pick and choose that can be reused from recycled ones, and sell them as "secondary material" to the manufacturers in the original supply chain with the aim of remanufacturing. After producing, manufacturers delivery the remanufactured products (made from "secondary material") and the new ones (made from raw materials) into the markets for sale. This form of closed-loop supply chain can optimize the allocation of resources and interests from the perspective of the whole, which are greatly useful of protecting the environment and saving resources, besides, enterprises in the closed-loop system can earn their own competitiveness. Therefore, the management on the closed-loop supply chain has gain great attention no matter in theory or in practical production.
Due to the rapid development of science and technology and the ascension of people's demand, the issues of management on the closed-loop supply chain have become more diversified. The super network theory is applied in this paper, and supply chain models are established according to different situations and optimized by the use of variational inequality. The main content of this paper is as follows:
1. The closed-loop supply chain with two modes of transaction is established, namely the e-commerce transaction is joined in traditional supply chain, and furthermore, the single decision (profit maximization) as traditional has been expanded to various comprehensive decision-making (profit maximization, risk minimization and the desirability maximization).
2. Stochastic choice of multi-commodity has been studied in paper, finally, stochastic utility theory is introduced to denote consumers'preference to different products.
3. The generally static closed-loop supply chain has been expanded to dynamic model; that is to say, the demand for product is seasonal, and decision-makers will take plans of purchasing, manufacturing, marketing with respect to demand so as to guarantee their own interests and reduce the inventory cost, etc.
4. Uncertainty is necessary in supply chain, such as the uncertainty of demand, vagueness of the recycled product quality and supply disruptions, hence, this paper built a closed-loop supply chain under random fuzzy environment and analyze this problem using the basic theory of uncertainty.
引文
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