摘要
开发可培养的嗜盐微生物并检测它们潜在的抗菌和抗肿瘤活性,从中发现新颖的化合物,将具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
对从山东省威海盐场采集的底泥和海水样品中存在的微生物进行了分离。测定了各种嗜盐菌株的生长特性,并依据其嗜盐特性进行了分类。通过形态观察和分子生物学方法对嗜盐菌株进行了分类鉴定和系统发育分析。对嗜盐菌株进行抑菌活性筛选,并测定嗜盐菌株的粗提取物对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用。
从盐场样品中共分离到45株细菌、28株真菌和38株放线菌,都具有中度嗜盐特性。嗜盐细菌的系统发育分析表明,17个菌株属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、喜盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus)、动性球菌属(Planococcus)和盐水球菌属(Salinicoccus);其他28个菌株均属于γ-变形细菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)的盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)。嗜盐真菌均属于真菌门(Eumycota)的半知菌亚门(Deuteromycotina),9个菌株属于曲霉属(Aspergillus),19个菌株属于青霉属(Penicillium)。嗜盐放线菌属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria),主要以链霉菌属(Streptomyces)为主。
嗜盐细菌对革兰氏阳性菌、多种人病原真菌和植物病原真菌都表现出较强的抑制作用;嗜盐真菌对革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌都有明显的抑制作用。14株细菌、13株真菌和20株放线菌的粗提物对肿瘤细胞都表现出很强的抑制作用。
结果表明,嗜盐微生物可作为发现新颖生物活性物质的潜在资源。
The aim of this study was to exploit cultivable halophiles from solar saltern and to investigate their potential antimicrobial and antitumor activities.
Halophiles were isolated from sediment and saline water collected from Weihai Solar Saltern in Weihai of Shandong Province. The effect of salt concentration on the growth of isolated halophilic strains was determined in order that all the strains can be classified into one of three groups of halophiles. The identification and phylogenetic analysis of the isolated halophiles were determined by their morphological characteristics and molecular identification. The potential antimicrobial activities of the isolated halophilic strains for different indicator strains were screened. MTT analysis was performed to determine the potential cytotoxic activity of the crude extract of the isolated halophiles.
A total of 45 bacterial strains, 28 fungal strains and 38 actinomycetic strains were isolated and most of them displayed moderately halophilic characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis of halophilic bacteria indicated that 17 of the isolated strains were related to the phylum Firmicutes and belonged to four genera, Bacillus, Halobacillus, Planococcus and Salinicoccus. The other strains identified as genus of Halomonas belonged to the phylumγ-Proteobacteria. All the halophilic fungi were related to the subphylum Deuteromycotina belonged to the phylum Eumycota, and there were 9 and 19 fungal strains belonged to two genera, Aspergillus and Penicillium, respectively. All the halophilic actinomycetes were related to the phylum Actinobacteria, and a majority of halophilic actinomycetes belonged to genus of Streptomyces.
Most of the halophilic bacterial strains showed potent activities against Gram-positive bacteria, human pathogenic fungi and plant pathogenic fungi. The halophilic fungal strains showed potent activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the crude extracts from 14 halophilic bacterial strains, 13 halophilic fungal strains and 20 halophilic actinomycetic strains showed cytotoxic activity against tumor cells Bel 7402.
Our results suggest that the halophiles may be developed as promising sources for the discovery of novel bioactive substances.
引文
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