摘要
全球化问题受到大家，特别是经济发展研究者的广泛关注。虽然，先前关于全球化的美好预期，以及信息化社会和未来所能带来的益处都还没有普遍实现，但是全球性的不平等却增加了。全球化不断发展的过程，无情地扩大了富裕国家与贫穷国家之间的差距。虽然全球化的理念在第二次世界大战期间就逐渐的发展起来，但是直到二十世纪九十年代初，全球化的影响力才开始呈现。非洲大陆也没能够脱离全球化的影响。然而，一直以来，许多影响严重地破坏着非洲国家的发展，直到新全球化时代的到来。表现在信息通讯技术增长不足或停滞不前，大量的基础设施建设，政治冲突、种族和宗教问题频发。本研究的目的是考察非洲在全球经济中的积极地位。本文采取文献分析的研究方法，通过分析典型非洲政府的议程以及有关非洲局势的经济类文章，以达到研究目的。根据引领本文的主要问题，本文由三大部分构成，分为十三个章节。
第一章，分析了本文的研究背景,研究目标、研究意义以及研究方法。
第二章，为本文研究的文献综述部分。
第三章，阐述了本文的研究框架。具体地说,探讨了新全球化的范围，意识形态基础及其维度和动力。
第四章，分析了非洲的经济以及全球化，主要关注全球化的综合内涵，非洲的结构调整与开放，非洲的边缘化。
第五章，探讨非洲的债务危机问题。
第六章，分析了中国社会主义市场经济与全球化。本章主要是关注中国在非洲的影响力。
第七章，关注了令人伤脑筋的人权问题。本文以非洲种族和人权宪章以及各种国际人权机制作为评价框架，探讨了非洲关于人权方面的艰苦努力。
第八章，考察了非洲国家与非政府组织在发展的关键领域中的角色和关系。
第九章，探讨了全球化对非洲国家主权带来的挑战。
第十章，关注了非洲的环境状况。本文提出，非洲环境退化可以追溯到殖民剥削与掠夺。
第十一章，提出了艾滋病这一社会前沿问题。本文的主要观点是，由于全球化利益的不平等分配，全球化的某些方面已经促使艾滋病在非洲的传播，并且限制了非洲大陆控制其流行传播的能力。
第十二章，关注创新主导式工业生产——电子商务，以及非洲实现信息和通信技术方面技术飞跃的战略。
第十三章，试图从新全球化对非洲的影响中总结出经验与教训，从建立必要的制度、规章、流程和政策等方面，谋划出一个基本的问题解决路径，以解决非洲由新全球化所带来的这些影响。
信息的实时性与数据的可获得性对本文的研究形成了一定程度的制约。根据本文的研究，对非洲国家而言，其对全球化制定的政策对国家利益的得失具有重要的作用。因此，本文着重提出了以下几条相关措施：
（1）应系统地制定非洲政府政策，以达到当前低经济地位，初期政治问题，融入和赶超不可避免的全球化趋势所带来的压力等各方面问题的平衡。
（2）非洲的新殖民国家,如法国、英国等，需要进行解析，重新思考和民主重建，只有这样，他们才能作为非洲大陆多数人民的代言人、保卫者发挥有效的作用。
（3）非洲国家需要制定和实施有效的方式，在区域和次区域层面推动实质性的整合。
（4）对非洲国家领导人而言，重新制定非洲的发展规划，重新审视非洲在全球化时代的潜能还不算晚。这些建议的实施将使非洲在全球经济的边缘化程度最小化，提高原材料和人力资源的利用效率。
The term globalization captures the attention of everyone and especially economicdevelopment researchers. Despite the prior prosperity promises of globalization and thebenefits of an information accessing society, the afterwards benefits have not been universaland global inequality has increased instead. Globalization has widened the gap between richand poor countries in its relentless progression. Although the idea of globalization hadgradually been developed since the Second World War, its impact gained momentum in theearly1990s. The African continent has not been spared from the implications of thisphenomenon. However, many have ills undermined the development of African countries forcenturies until the new era of globalization such as insufficient or no increase in informationtechnology and communication and adequate infrastructure, political conflicts, ethnic andsocial.The purpose of this study is to examine the progressive position of Africa in theglobal economy. In order to achieve this objective we had chosen research methodologyusing analyses of several representative African government agenda and several economicpapers on the situation in and about Africa.
According to the main question that is directing this dissertation, this work consists of threeparts embodying thirteen (13) chapters.
In chapter1, I analyze the background of the study, the statement and objectives/significance of the problem, the methodology of the study.
Chapter2focuses on the literature review especially books and thesis related to this issueand structure of the study.
Chapter3provides the analytical framework of the research. Specifcally, I examine thescope, ideological underpinnings and the dimensions and dynamics of the new globalization.
Chapter4I analyze the economic and globalization in Africa focusing on the integrationdefinition of globalization, the structural adjustment and liberalization in Africa, themarginalization of Africa.
In chapter5, I tackle the issue of the debilitating debt crisis in Africa.
Chapter6analyzes the socialist economy market in China and Globalization. Thischapter focuses lastly on the influence of China in Africa.
Chapter7focuses on the vexatious issue of human rights. I probe the travails of humanrights in the continent using the African Charter on Human and Peoples-Rights and variousinternational human rights regimes as the evaluative frameworks.
In chapter8, I examine the roles and relationships between the state in Africa andnon-governmental organizations in the critical area of development.
In chapter9, I probe the challenges being posed by globalization to state sovereignty inAfrica.
Chapter10focuses on the state of the environment in Africa. I begin with the argumentthat the genesis of environmental degradation in Africa can be traced to colonial exploitationand plunder.
In chapter11, I address the frontier social issue of HIV/AIDS. My central argument is that due to the uneven benefts of globalization, some aspects of globalization have facilitatedthe spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa and complicated the continent’s ability to address thepandemic.
Chapter12focuses in this chapter the e-commerce innovation-mediated industrialproduction, the strategies for a technological leap in information and communication andtechnology (ICT) for Africa.
In chapter13, I attempt to draw the lessons from the impact of the new globalization onAfrica, and to map out a general trajectory designed to help Africa develop the requisiteinstitutions, rules, processes and policies to address the effects of the phenomenon.
The research was limited due to the lack of the recent information and available data.
According to this research, the losses could be higher for African countries or lessdepending on its approach. Thus, I recommend strongly some interlinked approaches:
(1)African governments policies should be designed systematically so as to balancebetween its current low economic status, its political teething problems and the pressure tocatch up and fit into the inevitable globalization trends.
(2) The neo-colonial state in Africa such as France, UK, etc. needs to be deconstructed,rethought and democratically reconstituted, so that it can play an effective role as an advocate,defender and provider for the majority of the peoples of the continent.
(3)African states need to formulate and implement effective modalities that wouldpromote substantive integration at the regional and sub-regional levels.
(4) It is not too late for African leaders to reorder their priorities, rediscover their valuesin this era of globalization. The implementation of those recommendations would minimizethe economic marginalization of Africa in global economy and increase the utilization of itsraw materials and human resources.
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