摘要
合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)是一种将合成孔径雷达(SAP)复型雷达数据中的相位信息提取出来，进行干涉处理以精确确定地球表面三维信息的技术。
本文首先介绍了InSAR技术的发展历史及研究现状和发展方向。对SAR的基本成像原理、信号的基本模型及成像处理方法进行了分析。列出了SAR定位误差源并对定位精度进行了分析。通过对重复轨道的星载InSAR系统的研究，阐述了InSAR测量的基本原理及数据处理方法，总结以往多种数据处理方法，给出了一个实用的算法处理器。针对InSAR数据处理算法的主要环节相位解缠、干涉基线的估算、DEM的重建等方法展开了详细讨论。研究了InSAR系统特有的参数一基线的特性，从系统失相关的角度研究了基线姿态与InSAR测量之间的约束关系。分析了InSAR系统的主要误差源，并对地球自转、大气效应等因素对InSAR测量的影响展开了详细讨论。
深入探讨了差分雷达干涉技术(D-InSAR)用于监测地表形变的潜力和优势。研究了D-InSAR技术提取地表形变的理论和方法，指出D-InSAR用于实际的地震形变、地面沉降等形变监测，精度可达到cm级。着重探讨了InSAR技术在大地测量与空间地球动力学中的应用，分析了InSAR技术与其它空间大地测量技术之间的联系，并从理论和应用的角度说明了InSAR是可用于空间地球动力学研究的一种新手段。提出了GPS／VLBI／SLR／InSAR组合应用的新设想，探讨了其在现代地壳运动和地球体积、形状变化中的应用可能，并针对地壳不同形变特征给出了三种不同的数学模型。结合我国自行研制的双星定位导航系统，指出InSAR技术可能是提高双星定位导航精度的新手段。
Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) is the technology which uses the phase information derived from complex Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to get precise three-dimensional information of the earth surface.
In this paper, the development history and present study status of InSAR are firstly introduced. The basic imaging theory, signal model and its proceeding method of SAR are then analyzed. The resource of SAR positioning are listed, and its precision of positioning are' analyzed. Through the study of spaceborne repeat pass InSAR system, the basic theory and data processing method of InSAR are expatiated. By summing up many other methods, a utility data processor are put forward. According to the mostly tache of InSAR algorithm, Phase unwrapping, Baseline evaluation and DEM reconstruction are discussed in detail. In the view of system decorrelation, the restrict relation of InSAR and its baseline attitudes are studied. The main error resources of InSAR and its influence on InSAR are also studied. The influence of earth rotation and atmosphere domino effect on InSAR are discussed in detail.
The potentiality and advantage of crust deformation measurement by using Differential-InSAR are studied deeply. The theory and method which we obtain ground deformations by D-InSAR technology are brought forward in this paper. Its precision can reach centimeter level when we use this method to measure the earthquake deformation and ground subsiding. The applications of InSAR to geodesy and space - geodymanics are highlighted discussed. The mutual relation between InSAR and other spacial geodesy technologiesaer are also analyzed. In view of theoretics and applications, it is illuminated that InSAR can be a very useful tool when used to space geodymanics study. The new assume of GPS/VLBI/SLR/InSAR combination technology are brought forward, its application to studying the plate motion and its changes of cubage and figure of the earth are discussed, and three different mathematics models of crust deformation are founded according to their characteristics of crust deformation. The application to the geostationary satellite positioning system with two satellites are analyzed in this paper. It is indicated that InSAR will be a new means to improve the precision of geostationary satellite positioning system with two satellites.
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