摘要
近年来,双语教学作为一种开创性的教学方法,在我国已引起了越来越多人的注意。世界上公认的双语教学早在20世纪60年代就在北美诞生了,它指的是用外语或第二语言作为教学媒介来进行学科教学。在一些发达国家,诸如美国,加拿大,新加坡等经过数十年的发展,双语教学已形成了一定的规模。
然而双语教学在取得明显发展的同时,也存在不少的问题,诸如师资问题,课程设置,以及学生语言基础等问题。因此,关于双语教学的争论就一直没有停止过。
2001年,我国教育部颁布[2001(4)]号文件,指出要着力加大全国高校本科非英语专业实行双语教学的比例,之后许多高校的非英语专业的双语教学开始实施并得到了一定的发展,尤其是一些地处东部以及沿海发达地区的高校,如北京,上海,山东等。虽然它们取得了一定的成绩,但是在双语教学中同样也存在着一定问题。相比之下,对于一些地处西部的高校来说,由于地理位置,经济发展,师资等的原因,双语教学在很多方面还远落后于一些东部以及沿海发达地区的高校。西南大学,地处我国西南,是一所国家教育部直属的综合性重点大学,它在双语教学方面的发展在很大程度上将会对西南地区其它高校双语教学的发展起到推动和示范的作用,因此本文选取西南大学作为个案来研究。西南大学从2003年开始实施双语教学,经过多年的教学实践积累了一定的教学经验,但是和一些地处东部以及沿海发达地区的重点大学相比,在很多方面还存在着不少缺点和问题。
本文以二语习得以及建构主义的相关理论为指导,对该校的双语教学进行了调查分析,以不同专业的160名学生和3名双语教师作为主要研究对象,通过问卷调查、课堂观察、访谈等方法,试图回答以下研究问题:(1)目前西南大学双语教学存在哪些问题和不足?(2)目前应该选择哪种双语教学模式?(3)该校学生对双语教学存在着什么样的态度?(4)推进和提高该校双语教学的发展需要采取哪些措施?
通过调查,本文指出目前西南大学在双语教师,教材,课堂教学,课程设置等方面存在的问题和不足,并对问题产生和存在的原因进行了分析和研究,在此基础上,本文提出目前该校双语教学应该采取一种以内容为基础的过渡性的双语教学模式,同时多渠道培养和引进双语教师,合理选择和编撰双语教材,优化课程设置,以及提高教学质量等建议性的措施。其次,本文还发现近百分之五十的学生对双语教学持肯定的态度,同时学生对英语的兴趣和对双语教学的态度之间存在着高度的相关关系,因此在提高和改善双语教学的过程中,采取相应的措施来激发学生英语学习的兴趣将会对双语教学的发展起到积极的作用。
目前西南大学在双语教学中存在的一些问题和不足在西南地区、甚至西部的其它高校也可能同样存在。因此,本研究的一些结论和对策对于其它高校也有一定的借鉴价值。
Nowadays, bilingual education, which refers to the use of a second or foreign language in school for the teaching of content subject, is attracting more and more people's attention. As a revolutionary teaching method, it firstly emerged in North America in the 1960s. Some developed countries, such as America, Canada, and Singapore, have conducted bilingual education for several decades.
While some important achievements have been made in bilingual education, it also poses some problems, such as the teacher resources, curriculum design and the students' proficiency which are often encountered in the implementation of bilingual education. So the dispute about bilingual education is still going on.
Ever since the issuing of [2001(4)] document from the Ministry of Education of China, many bilingual education programs have been developed for the non-English majors in universities and colleges, especially the ones located in the coastal and eastern developed areas, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong and so on, although they still also have some problems. While for the universities and colleges in the western areas, they are left behind because of many factors. Southwest University is chosen as a case in the present thesis for the reason that Southwest University, which is located in the southwestern areas of China, is a key comprehensive university directly under the Ministry of Education. Its development in the bilingual education will set a good example to other universities and colleges in southwestern areas. Southwest University began to implement bilingual education from 2003, and it has accumulated some valuable teaching experience. However, compared with some key universities and colleges in the coastal and developed areas, it still has many shortcomings and problems in many aspects.
The present thesis attempts to conduct an investigation among 160 students and three teachers of different non-English majors in the Southwest University under the guide of the related theories of Second Language Acquisition and Constructivist view of learning using the methods of questionnaire, classroom observation and interview, and it aims to answer the following questions: (1) What are the main problems in the bilingual education programs in Southwest University? (2) What is the most suitable bilingual education model recently for Southwest University? (3)What are the students' attitudes towards bilingual education? (4) How to solve the problems and improve bilingual education?
Through investigation, some problems in the implementation of bilingual education in Southwest University are found out in the aspects of bilingual teacher resources, teaching materials, curriculum design, evaluation methods and the quality of bilingual class, and then the reasons of the problems are analyzed. Based on the findings, the author thinks that recently, the content-based modified transitional model should be the proper choice. And some suggested solutions are proposed, such as strengthening the construction of bilingual teachers' team, reasonable selection and compiling of bilingual textbooks, optimizing the curriculum design and so on. Besides, the author finds that half of the students hold positive attitude towards bilingual education and their attitudes are strongly correlated with their English interest. Therefore, measures should be taken to intrigue students in English learning, which will be greatly beneficial to the development of bilingual education.
At present, the problems on bilingual education in Southwest University may also exist in other universities in southwestern areas. Therefore, to some extent, the results of the present thesis will be beneficial to the bilingual education in some other universities and colleges in the southwestern areas.
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