摘要
本文从性别、年龄、人种特征、古病理、创伤及身高等多个角度对河南渑池笃忠遗址龙山文化早期灰坑出土的人骨标本进行了体质人类学考察。笃忠遗址的15例标本中青年占46.00%,男女比例为4:1;其颅骨具有中颅型,高颅型,狭颅型,中额型,正颌型,阔鼻型等特点,介于东亚人种和南亚人种之间的位置上,在体质特征上与现代华南地区的居民有些近似;使用计算平均数组间差异均方根的方法,将笃忠组与各古代颅骨组进行比较,认为该组应属先秦时期古代人种类型中的“古中原类型”。并对15例标本进行病理和创伤的观察、推测了平均身高,成年男性为165.00cm,成年女性为154.33cm。发现了1例枕骨畸形头和可能存在拔牙现象的2例个体。
This article has studied the race constitution and the origin of the 15 human skeletal remains at Duzhong site of early Longshan Culture Mianchi County,Henan Province,during the determination of sex and estimating age at death in the 15 human skeletal samples,identifying the nonmetric skull traits,and analysing the measurements of the skulls at this site.What's more,some pathological conditions have been observed in the 15 human skeletal samples and two kinds of trauma have been found in two skulls.And the statures of men and women at this site have been estimated.This article will enrich the materials of researching Neolithic Age resident constitutional type in Henan Province,and provide the anthropological evidence to someone who will study the archaeology culture of this site.The full article is divided into nine parts.
1.The geographical location Duzhong site in Mianchi County was introduced,and the purpose and explanation theory of the article were explained.
2.The proportion of gender and the life-span difference of male and female have been analysed in according to the research of archaeology in Duzhong site.
3.Each individual's burying and preserved condition have been described because most of the human skeletal remains were buried disorderly.These individuals might not die in war,but die off in such a short time because of some kind of infectious disease,and latter they were thrown into the pit to be buried.
4.The nonmetric skull traits have been identified and the measurements of the skulls have been analysed.As shown in the results of examination,the main physical features of male crania are mesocrany, hypsicrany,acrocrany,metriometor,orthognath,meseny,chamaerrhiny and mesoconchy.And their average index of occipital foramen is medium type.In addition,the main physical features of female crania are mesocrany,eurymetor,orthognath,meseny,hyperchamaerrhiny, mesoconchy and leptostaphliny.
5.A comparison of the skulls unearthed at Duzhong site with those of some modern Asiatic Mongoloids reveals that these skulls are all similar to those of modern Estern Chinese and modern Southern Chinese,and perhaps they are with some modern Southern Chinese affinity.The physical features of these skulls are closer to the modern Fushun population.Moreover,the physical features of these skeletal remains not only closely resemble those of the skeletal remains unearthed from the sites of Yangshao Culture but also are similar to those of the Weichisi group.On the other hand,they differ rather conspicuously from those of the Ningxia Haiyuan group.
6.The results of the observation of the pathological conditions in the 15 humain skeletal samples unearthed at Duzhong site are degenerative joint disease,osteoma,tempo-mandibular joint disease, anemia,dental caries,apical abscess,alveolar abscess,displacement, supernumerary tooth and Scheuermann disease.
7.Cranial deformation has been abserved in one human skeletal sample at Duzhong site.And the maxillary left lateral incisors might have been pulled out in two human skeletal samples.
8.The statures of men and women in this site have been estimated.The average stature of men is 165.00cm,and the womens'is 154.33cm.
9.The main conclusion of the above 8 parts has been summarized.
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