摘要
能源、环境是当今人类生存和发展所要解决的紧迫问题。风力发电清洁无污染,施工周期短,投资灵活,占地少,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。随着风力发电机装机容量日益增大,机组所受的载荷情况也越来越复杂,从而使得风力机及其零部件的安全问题变得尤为突出。为了要确保风力机在其设计寿命内能够正常地运行,首先必须对风力发电机组的关键零部件展开设计研究。
轮毂是风力发电机组中的一个重要部件,它形状复杂,轮毂设计的好坏将直接影响到整个机组的正常运行和使用寿命,因此有必要在极限载荷条件下对轮毂进行静态分析和疲劳计算,以确定整个轮毂的应力分布情况,从中找出最危险的部位,为轮毂设计提供可靠的依据。另外根据轮毂强度计算的余量,必要时对轮毂进行优化设计分析,以达到减轻重量,降低成本的目的。
本文基于有限元法的基本理论,对轮毂进行了以下研究:
①基于有限元法的建模理论,利用网格划分软件HyperMesh建立了两种轮毂有限元模型:一种是四面体单元模型,划分简单,可以使用有限元程序自动生成,故使用普遍;另一种是六面体单元模型,由于三维网格具有空间几何实体描述和三维网格的自动生成算法的复杂性,使得三维网格,尤其是六面体网格的划分,具有较大难度,一般只能靠工作人员手动生成。并对两种单元类型的模型进行了细致的分析比较。
②对某型轮毂有限元模型进行极限强度、疲劳及接触有限元建模及分析校核计算,并对结果进行了分析,提出了优化设计意见。分析计算所得数据与企业随后的实验数据进行过对比,结果基本一致。从而验证了本文所研究方法的正确性,确保了轮毂具有足够的强度和使用寿命。
③结合本文对某型轮毂的研究,采用相似原理和拓扑优化的方法,借助有限元软件Altair提供的OptiStruct模块开发出了新型轮毂的结构模型,本轮毂模型适用一般WM级大型风力发电机组。本文并对开发的轮毂进行了静应力校核,满足预期开发目标。
因此,本论文对为大型风力发电机组轮毂的分析和自主设计提供科学可靠的依据,大大缩短了开发时间,节约了开发成本。对企业解决轮毂安全和寿命的问题具有重要的理论意义和工程实用价值,为开发具有自主知识产权的国产化风力发电机组奠定了坚实基础。
Energy and environment have become critical issues for the survival and development of human beings nowadays. Since bearing the advantages of non-pollution, time-saving, flexible-investment, room-saving, wind power has good economical and social benefits. With the wind turbine becoming larger and larger, and the load it endured is also very complicated, the problem of safety in the wind turbine of its components becomes more and more important. In order to maintain over its anticipated service life, must first launch the design research to wind turbine's essential spare part.
Hub is an important component of Wind turbine for its complex shape. The design of hub has direct impact the operation of wind turbine in its anticipated service life. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate static and fatigue analysis under various ultimate loads, which can display the distribution of stress, and find out the most dangerous locations.
Based on the theory of finite element method, the main contents are following:
①According to the modeling principle of finite element method, two finite element models have been established based on its geometric model through simplification processes. One model consists of tetrahedron elements, which has been set simply, and divided mesh grid by automeshing. The other is hexahedron element model. The three-dimensional grid is complicated, especially hexahedron, which has been generated by manual dividing. On the basis of this, two types of model have been carried out meticulous analysis and comparison.
②The ultimate strength, fatigue and contact analysis have been researched on finite element model of the hub. The result is consistent by contrast the obtained data and the test data, which has verified correctness of this method by the main body of paper. This hub has sufficient intensity and life time.
③With this paper, one hub of the study, using similar principles and topology optimization methods, provided the OptiStruct module with the aid of finite element software Altair to develop the new hub's structural model, this hub model was suitable the general WM level large-scale wind turbine. This article and has carried on the static stress examination to the development hub, satisfies the anticipated development goal.
Therefore, the paper to provides the science reliable basis for the large-scale wind turbine hub's analysis and the independent design, reduced the development time greatly, saved the development cost. Solves the hub security and the life problem to the enterprise has the important theory significance and the engineering practical value, was the development has the independent intellectual property rights. Manufacture domestically wind turbine to lay the solid foundation.
引文
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