摘要
在经济全球化的宏观背景下,快速多变的市场需求和广泛应用的信息技术成为当今企业新的环境特征。在新的时代背景下,企业与政府、供应商、顾客和科研机构等外部组织之间的关系,已成为能够直接影响企业获取竞争力的重要因素。从网络视角来看,企业与外部组织间的关系是一种多元的相互依存和相互关联的网络关系。这种网络关系有利于企业获取网络组织系统内的信息、资源、市场和技术,实现诸如价值活动链的外包、风险共担及组织功能等企业战略目标。因此,企业要处理好这种关系,就必须具有发展和管理外部网络关系的能力,即企业网络能力。当前,企业间的竞争范围不断扩大,竞争环境的不确定性提高,为应对竞争环境的变化,企业必须在全球视野和网络观下,通过对自身所处的外部网络进行构建和完善,充分整合和利用外部网络资源,寻求竞争优势,重塑竞争能力。鉴于此,本文以知识网络理论、动态能力理论、企业竞争力理论为基础,对企业网络能力的结构体系与动态演化进行了分析和探讨,构建了网络能力影响企业竞争力的概念模型,并以制造业企业为研究对象,采用实证分析方法对相关假设概念模型进行了实证检验,重点探索网络能力对企业竞争力的影响机制和影响路径,并提出了改进和提升企业网络能力的对策与建议。论文研究的主要创新成果如下。
(1)构建了企业网络能力的构成维度和动态演化分析框架。本文在对现有研究文献进行回顾和梳理的基础上,对企业网络能力的内涵进行了剖析,通过对企业网络能力的构成维度进行分析,将企业网络能力的构成要素细分为网络愿景能力、网络构建能力、关系管理能力和网络利用能力等四个维度。分别从资源依赖性、外在能动性、动态演化性和协调整合性对企业网络能力的特征进行了系统分析,并对网络能力的影响因素进行了系统的研究。此外,本文以动态能力理论和知识网络理论为指导,对企业网络的动态演化路径进行了分析,对企业网络能力的动态演化机理和路径进行了深入探讨,构建了企业网络能力动态演化的分析框架。
(2)构建了网络能力影响企业竞争力的理论分析模型。当前有关网络能力对企业影响的研究主要关注于网络能力对企业创新绩效、网络能力对企业技术创新可能产生的影响。但对于企业如何发挥主观能动性,通过其网络能力提升企业竞争力的研究却相对不足。通过深入分析网络能力与企业竞争力之间的关系,本文提出网络能力对企业竞争力存在正向影响这一命题。此外,通过对企业网络能力作用机理和演化规律的分析,考虑到网络位置与信息获取能力所起的重要作用,将网络位置与信息获取作为中间变量,建立了“网络能力→网络位置/信息获取→企业竞争力”的分析框架。
(3)采用实证分析方法对网络能力与企业竞争力之间的关系和影响路径进行了实证检验。本文借鉴国内外已有的研究成果,设计相关题项对企业网络能力、企业竞争力、网络位置、信息获取等变量进行了测度,以广西制造业企业为对象进行问卷调查,利用SPSS13.0和AMOS7.0等软件对问卷调查的统计数据进行分析,对网络能力与企业竞争力之间的作用机制进行了实证分析。实证结果表明,企业网络能力能够可以通过“网络能力→网络位置→企业竞争力”以及“网络能力→网络位置→信息获取→企业竞争力”两条路径对企业竞争力产生影响,进一步丰富和深化了网络能力与企业竞争力的关系研究,为推动企业网络能力相关研究的继续深入奠定了基础。
In the macro context of economic globalization, the rapidly changing market demands and the wide range of IT applications become the characteristic of today's new business environment. In the new context, the relationship between enterprises and governments, suppliers, customers and research institutions and other external organizations has become an important factor that can directly influence the enterprises to obtain competitiveness. From a network perspective, the relationship between the enterprise and external organizations is a diverse interdependent and interrelated network relationship. This kind of network relationship is conducive for enterprise to gain the information, resources, markets and technology of the network organization system, which can help to achieve corporate strategic goals such as outsourcing value chain of activities, risk-sharing and organizational functions. In this way, if the enterprises want to handle this relationship properly, they must the capability to develop and mange external network relations, which means enterprise network capability. At present, the competition scope between enterprises is expanding, and the uncertainty of competitive environment is increasing. With the response to the change of competitive environment, the enterprises should have global perspective and network concept. The enterprises should fully integrate and make use of the external network resources to seek the competitive advantage and remodel competitiveness through the improvement of external network. In this way, this dissertation treat the manufacturing enterprises as the research object and treat the knowledge network theory, the theory of dynamic capabilities, the theory of enterprises competitiveness as the theory bases. We make an analysis on the structure system and the dynamic evolution of the enterprise network capability, and build the conceptual model for the affect of enterprise network capability to competitiveness. We make an empirical test of the underlying assumptions concept model, focusing on exploring the impact mechanism and the affect path of the network capabilities to the enterprises competitiveness. We also put forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve and enhance the ability of the enterprise network. The main innovations of this dissertation are as follows:
(1) This dissertation constructed the structural model and the dynamic evolution analysis framework of the enterprise network capability. We make an analysis on the connotation of network capability, and find that resource-dependent, external initiative, dynamic evolution and coordination of integrated are the characteristics. Through the analysis of the dimensions of the network capability analysis, we subdivide the elements of the network capability into network vision capability, network building capability, relationship management capability and the network utilization capability four dimensions, and construct a structural model of the impact factors to network capability. In addition, we made an analysis on the dynamic evolution path of enterprise network based on the dynamic capability theory and the theory of knowledge networks, conducted in-depth exploration mechanism and path of the dynamic evolution of the network capability, and build the dynamic evolution of the enterprise network capability analysis framework.
(2) This dissertation built the theoretical analysis model for the affect of network capability to enterprises competitiveness. The research about the impact of network capability to enterprises concerned about the network capabilities of enterprise innovation performance, network capability, the possible impact of enterprise technology innovation. The research for enterprises how to play the initiative to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises through its network capability is inadequate. In this dissertation, we put forward the proposition that there is a positive impact of network capability on the enterprises competitiveness through the deep relationship analysis. In addition, with the analysis of the mechanism of action and the evolution of enterprise network capability, we treat the network location and access to information as a variable to the establishment of a "network capability→network location/information access→framework of the analysis of the competitiveness of enterprises taking into account the important role played by the network location and the ability to obtain information.
(3) This dissertation made an empirical test of the relationship between the network capability and the enterprises competitiveness of and the affecting path. We designed the questionnaire to measure related items on network capability, the enterprises competitiveness, network location, access to information and other variables, objects survey of manufacturing enterprises in Guangxi using SPSS13.0and AMOS7.0software to analyze the statistics of the survey. We also carried out an empirical analysis of the action mechanism between the network capability and the enterprises competitiveness. The empirical results show that the corporate network capability to two paths through the network capability→network location→enterprise competitiveness "as well as network capability→network location→access to information→enterprise competitiveness" impact on the enterprises competitiveness. The research can further enrich and deepen the study of the relationship of the network capability and the enterprises competitiveness, and laid the foundation for promoting in-depth research of the network capability.
引文
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