摘要
本文围绕膨胀土路基处治土力学特性展开室内试验和现场试验研究,研究各种因素对石灰处治膨胀土力学特性的影响,为提高石灰处治膨胀土路基长期性能的研究提供科学依据。
本文的主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)研究膨胀土以及击实膨胀土的基本物理力学及理化特性表明,南宁膨胀土属于弱、中膨胀土,具有中至高压缩性；击实膨胀土具有膨胀潜势较大、水稳定性差、压缩性较高、强度较低等特性；南宁膨胀土不宜直接用作路基填料；并分析了膨胀土全孔隙分布规律和膨胀与收缩机理。
(2)通过石灰处治膨胀土的标准吸湿含水率试验研究表明,石灰处治不仅改变了土体的类别和膨胀潜势,也改变了土体的标准吸湿特性,导致标准吸湿含水率指标不能有效地反映石灰处治膨胀土的膨胀潜势。
(3)通过膨胀土处治试验研究,得出石灰处治土的最优石灰掺合量、最大干密度、最优含水量以及抗剪强度等,并揭示了处治膨胀土强度随养护时间增长而增长,养护时间60天后,强度增长速率变缓,并趋于稳定。
(4)通过动三轴试验,得出了动应变、频率、固结围压、固结比、掺灰量等因素对膨胀土和石灰处治膨胀土的动弹模量和阻尼比的影响规律。经分析得出,只考虑交通荷载影响因素时,6%石灰处治膨胀土路基的动强度能满足交通荷载长期作用。
(5)通过气候因素对石灰处治膨胀土强度影响试验研究,得出了干湿循环效应、冻融循环效应以及淋滤作用下处治膨胀土的强度衰减规律以及试件的破坏机理。气候因素对石灰处治膨胀土强度影响较显著,为保证公路路基强度的长期稳定,在设计施工中,必须采取有针对性措施降低气候因素对石灰处治膨胀土强度的影响。
(6)通过现场试验,得到石灰处治膨胀土路基碾压控制参数,路基强度较高和吸水稳定性较好,整体承载能力较高等结论。并验证了覆盖措施能有效地限制路基表层裂隙的出现。
(7)为提高石灰处治土路基的长期稳定性,提出了采用包边土与两布一膜型复合土膜相结合的工程防治措施,并进行了设计与施工探讨。
Study on the mechanical properties of lime-treated soils in expansive soils roadbed is carried on both laboratory and field tests. All kinds of impact factors on performance of lime-treated expansive soils are studied. It will provide scientific basis for study on long-term performance of lime-treated expansive soils roadbed.
The main scope and achievements of this thesis include follows.
(1) It shows that Naling expansive soils belong to weak and intermediate degree of swelling clay with Middling to high compressibility, compacted expansive clays has features of higher swell potential, bad water stability and lower intensity as base on study on general physical, mechanical and physicochemical characteristic of original and compacted expansive clays. It is put forward that Naling expansive soils cannot be directly used as fill. The distribution of the complete pore and the swelling-shrinkage mechanism are drawn out.
(2) It shows that soil types, swell potential and standard absorption features are changed after expansive soils are treated by lime as base on testing study on moisture content of standard absorption for lime-treated expansive soils. It is proved that the index of moisture content of standard absorption lime-treated expansive soils is invalid to represent swell potential of lime-treated expansive soils.
(3) The best lime content, the maximal dry density, the best moisture content, the shear strength and change rule with curing time of lime-treated expansive soils intensity are obtained from testing study on expansive soils treated by lime. It is verified that the strength of lime-treated expansive soils increase with curing time, and remain steady in 60 day.
(4) The variation laws of the dynamic elastic modulus and damping of expansive soils and lime-treated expansive soils with dynamic strain, vibration frequency, confining pressure, consolidation ratio, lime content and so on are obtained from dynamic triaxial test. Dynamic strength of 6% lime-treated expansive soils roadbed can meet a demand for the long-term traffic load.
(5) Based on test study on the strength of lime-treated expansive soils with climate change, the strength degradation rule of lime-treated expansive soils are put forward under cyclic wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and leaching. It is remarkable that the strength of lime-treated expansive soils vary with climate change. For the long-term stability of lime-treated expansive soils roadbed,the measures must be adopted to reduce the impact on the strength of roadbed with climate change in design and construction.
(6) Based on field tests study on roadbed of lime-treated expansive soils, controls parameters of rolling compa-ction are obtained, it is drawn out that bearing behavior, water stability, and strength characteristics of lime-treated expansive soils roadbed, as the main protective measures of lime-treated expansive soils roadbed are put forward. it is described that surface cracks of road-bed spread with climate change, the cover measure can be useful to avoid surface cracks of roadbed,
(7) For the long-term stability of lime-treated expansive soils roadbed, Border soil and composite two geotextile one geomembrane are adopted, and its design and construction are discussed.
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