高动态响应的经编机电子横移系统研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
高速经编机因其生产效率高、产品适用领域广而在各种经编装备中占据重要地位。高速经编机的全电脑化进程,也随着多品种小批量高频次的市场需求,及电子与伺服控制技术的飞速发展而被迅速推进,但高速经编机垫纱运动的复杂和高频特性,给导纱梳栉的横移运动控制提出了难度极高的控制要求,使得对高速经编机梳栉横移运动的数字化控制,成为高速经编机全电脑化进程中的一个技术瓶颈。我国拥有全球85%的经编机台,国外采用通用伺服电动机研发的电子横移高速经编机机速已达1400r/min,而我国截至目前还无成熟的同类产品。基于此技术现状,本课题开展对高动态经编机电子横移系统的研究。
     首先,通过对高速经编机产品结构的特征分析,得出电子横移产品的优势特征为小提花加大循环,即产品结构生产对电子横移系统所提要求为:更强的灵活变换起花能力和更大的花型信息存储功能;通过对经编梳栉的垫纱运动进行横移与摆动的动作时序分解,得出电子横移系统的基本运动特征为:高频度大加速往复启停、高精度微距离线性定位。为验证高速电子横移系统的动态稳定性,分别建立了电子横移系统中梳栉锁合机构、丝杆传动机构、交流永磁同步伺服电动机及反馈控制环节各自分离的动力学数学模型,分析了梳栉质量与系统等效传递刚度对定位偏差的影响,然后综合各分离模型建立了系统的整体动力学模型,采用simulink进行系统模型模拟并进行阶跃激励仿真,仿真结果表明在一定范围内增加系统增益或改变传递刚度值可以提高系统响应频率,但当增益调整到一定值时,由于系统共振频率接近其自然谐振频率,此时系统稳态误差增大,动态响应效果恶化。
     其次,通过对高速凸轮机构简谐运动规律的动力学特性参数的分析比较,选择了适合本课题横移驱动电动机使用的无停留修正梯形加速度策略,以保证导纱梳栉在横移运动时速度、加速度和跃度均连续且拥有较小的驱动电动机功率;通过对不同伺服控制模式响应特性的比较,选择了具备高频加速特性的速度控制模式与精确定位特性的位置控制模式的组合控制策略,以实现大加速启动和高精度定位停车的双目标控制要求;最后推导了利用电子凸轮运动控制算法,来实现无停留修正梯形加速度曲线与工艺曲线进行耦合,获取静态电子凸轮数据表和动态工艺凸轮数据表的算法和步骤。
     然后,采用自底向上的顺序,依次构建高速电子横移系统的三层架构。经过优选的高精度滚珠丝杆传动系和超低惯量伺服电动机构成了系统最底层的运动执行层;利用DSP+CPLD组合实现的基于PCI接口的半独立式横移运动控制器,构成了系统的中间运动控制层;在运动管理层,重点设计了超大花高凸轮数据表的动态加载,以及断电断点续编等软件模块,完成了整个高动态响应电子横移运动控制系统的研发与软硬件功能实现。
     最后,基于所构建的高速电子横移系统进行了多组对比实验以测试和验证系统的动态响应性能。通过比较不同控制策略下、不同加速策略下电动机动态速度曲线的特征,以及各自之间的差别,验证了所选的无停留修正梯形加速策略与速度/位置的混合控制策略控制下的横移伺服电动机,完成针前E32一针距横移耗时仅为8.3ms,高于其它加速和控制策略,满足系统预期动态响应要求;通过采用声学振动测试仪对横移系统中的机械传动机构进行等效弹性质量体模态分析得出,梳栉机械传动机构有自然谐振频率约为12.5HZ,对应机台转速约为750r/min,即系统虽有共振区但共振区不在工作速度区,因此所选择的丝杆等传动机构能满足系统在1200r/min附近高速正常生产要求;最后在机电一体化动态响应测试中,经在线测得电动机与丝杆传动机构这一组合体的伯德图分析得知其共振频率约为2KHZ,提出利用电子陷波器抑制系统共振并进一步提高系统动态响应性能的措施,通过对其进行软件陷波后可以滤除电动机丝杆螺母啸叫等机械共振,在共振抑制效果较好的情况下可以将系统动态响应再提高至主轴转速1300r/min。
High-speed warp knitting machine occupies an important position among warp knittingequipments, due to its efficient production and widely applicable field. The fullycomputerized process of high-speed warp knitting machine has been pushed with the rapiddevelopment of electronics and servo control technology according to the need for multi-variety and small batch of the production. However, because of the complicated overlapmotion and high frequency, the high level control of shogging movement of guide bar isdifficult. Digital control for shogging movement becomes a bottleneck of the fullycomputerized procedure of high-speed warp knitting machine. China owns85%of the warpknitting machines of the world and the machines in abroad with general electronic shoggingmovement have been speeded up to1400r/min, while there are no kindred mature products inour country. Based on this technology situation, in this subject, the writer focuses on theinvestigation to high dynamic electronic shogging system of warp knitting machine.
     Firstly, according to the production structure analysis of high-speed warp knittingmachine, the superiority characteristic of the products was defined as mini jacquard and
     big circulation. Therefore, the more flexible changing of tissues and larger storage ofpattern information are required to feed the need of product structure. Through the motiondecomposition of the shogging and swing of guide bar, the shogging features and controldemands obtaines----high frequency, high accelerometer reciprocating start-stop and highprecision, micro distance linear positioning. To verify the dynamic stability of the system, theguide closure mechanism, lead screw transmission mechanism, AC permanent magnetsynchronous servo motor and feedback control links were modeled separately. The influenceonto positioning deviation given by mass of bar and the equivalent stiffness of system were aswell as analyzed. Then the integral dynamical model was established based on the separatedmodels mentioned above. Meanwhile, simulink was employed to simulate the system modeland step excitation. The results showed that increasing the system gain in a certain range orchanging the transmission stiffness value would lift the response frequency of system.However, when the gain value was adjusted to a certain degree, the system steady-state errorincreased and dynamic response results went worse since the system resonance frequency wasclose to its natural resonance frequency.
     Secondly, through the analysis and comparison of the dynamics parameters of simpleharmonic motion characteristic of high-speed cam mechanism, no stay modified trapezoidalacceleration strategy was chosen to guarantee, the speed, acceleration and jerk of motor wereunder lower motor capacity. After the comparison of response features of the different controlmodes, the one with high frequency acceleration and accurate positioning features was chosento achieving bi-target requirement with bigger acceleration start and high precision locating.Then electronic cam motion control algorithm was deduced to realize the coupling betweenno stay modified trapezoidal acceleration curves and process curves. Moreover, the algorithmand steps of static and dynamic electronic cam data tables were obtained.
     Afterwards, three-tier architecture from the bottom to the top was established by using bottom-up order. The optimized lowest exercise executive level was composed by highprecision ball screw transmission system and low inertia servo motor. The medium movementexecutive level was constituted by semidetached movement controller based on PCI withutilizing DSP+CPLD. In the movement management level, the software modules aboutdynamic loading of oversized tissue height and blackout-breakpoint continuation were the keyof designs. Then the research and development as well as function realization of the wholehigh dynamic response electronic shogging movement control system was achieved.
     Finally, the contrast experiments were implemented based on the established high-speedelectronic shogging system to test and verified the response performance. No stay modifiedtrapezoidal acceleration strategy and speed/position hybrid control strategy was verified. Onthe machine of E32type, to achieving overlap with one gauge just cost8.3ms could satisfythe requirement of expected dynamic responses, which was speeder than other accelerationand control strategies. By utilizing acoustic vibration tester to implement the equivalentelastic quality body modal analysis on the mechanical transmission mechanism, the naturalresonant frequency of bar transmission mechanism was12.5HZ, and the correspondingrevolving speed of the main shaft was750r/min. That was to say, the resonance region existed,but it was not in workspace. Thus, the selected transmission mechanism, like lead screw, metthe requirements of production speed as1200r/min. At last, through the on-line Byrd figureanalysis of motors and lead screw transmission mechanism, it was can be known that theresonant frequency was about2KHZ. Utilizing electronic notch filter to restrain systemresonance and improving system dynamic response performance were proposed. Themechanical resonance, like noise of screw nut, has been filtered by employing notch filter.Under the condition with wonderful resonance suppression, the dynamic response of thesystem has been elevated again to match the main shaft speed of1300r/min.
引文
1.陆娅楠.我国经编机械数量占全球85%[N]:人民日报,2013-7.
    2.王道兴.实用经编论文选[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2006:1-4.
    3.缪旭红,徐颖. EL型高速经编机的花型设计与产品开发[J].针织工业,2007(12):14-16.
    4. Karl Mayer. HKS4(P) EL: Electronic guide bar control[J]. Kettenwirk Praxis,2001(1):13-14.
    5.蒋高明.新一代多梳花边机的结构与原理探讨[J].针织工业,2005(6):1-3.
    6.蒋高明.现代经编技术进展(三)[J].上海纺织科技,2005,33(7):38-41.
    7.蒋高明.现代经编工艺与设备[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2001.9-11.
    8.蒋高明.ELS型电脑经编机的花型准备系统探讨[J].针织工业,1996(1):16-18.
    9. Karl Mayer. Tricot machine KS4EL-EBC with electronic pattern drive[J]. KettenwirkPraxis,1990(2):8-9.
    10. S.Raz. Warp Knitting Production[M]. Heidelberg: Melliand Textilberichte GmbH,1987:35-37.
    11. Karl Mayer. Karl Mayer unveils the future on an area of1750m2at ITMA2007[J].Kettenwirk Praxis,2007(4):34-40.
    12. Karl Mayer. New mechatronic solutions on lace rachel manchines[J]. Kettenwirk Praxis,2004(1):6-8.
    13. Albert W.-J. Hsue, M.-T. Yan, S.-H. Ke. Comparison on linear synchronous motors andconventional rotary motors driven Wire-EDM processes[J]. Journal of MaterialsProcessing Technology,2007(192-193):478-485.
    14.李永虎,夏风林,蒋高明.基于DSP的经编机电子横移系统探讨[J].纺织导报,2009(2):72-74.
    15.赵玉刚,宋现春.数控技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.195-196.
    16.寇保泉,程树康.交流伺服电机及其控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.1-2.
    17.仇翔,俞立,南余荣.永磁同步直线伺服电机控制策略综述[J].微特电机,2005(10):39-43.
    18.陈荣.永磁同步电机伺服系统研究[D].[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2004.
    19.莫会成,王健,任雷。现代高性能交流伺服系统综述驱动控制篇[J].微电机,2013(1),1-8;
    20.莫会成.交流永磁伺服电机发展趋势[C].第五届电工技术前沿问题学术论坛.2012.
    21. Dan Jones,任雷. Key standards impacting the U.S and influencing Chinese motioncontrol industry[C].低15届微体电机技术创新与发展论坛,2009.
    22.窦汝振.高性能交流永磁伺服系统及其新型控制策略的研究[D].[博士学位论文].天津:天津工业大学,2002.
    23.潘宇.高精度交流伺服驱动优化研究[D].[硕士学位论文].广州:华南理工大学,2011.
    24.张士雄.数控机床用高性能交流伺服驱动控制技术研究[D].[博士学位论文].广州:华南理工大学,2010.
    25. Helbig. Frank. Linear guide bar drive systems in warp knitting machines[J]. MelliandInternational,2005,11(2):125.
    26. Mista Kresimir(Mayer Textilmaschf). Shogging bar drive of a warp knitting machine[P].EP1619281,2006.01.25.
    27. Kobayashi Yoshitsugu(Nippon Mayer). Apparatus for driving thread-guiding bar ofwarp knitting machine[P]. JP6049754,1994.02.22.
    28.陈腾敏(厦门华铃织造有限公司).多梳节花边机花型梳节移动控制装置[P].中国专利号:ZL200420038590.9,2004.
    29.黄耀志,林明生,黄丹旗.一种微机控制多梳栉提花经编机[P].中国专利号:ZL200410007135.7,2004.
    30.郑依福.多梳栉带贾卡经编机[P].中国专利号:ZL03255023,2005.
    31.王占洪.梳栉横移装置[P].中国专利号:ZL200720045705.0,2008.
    32.蒋高明.一种高速经编机梳栉横移的控制系统[P].中国专利号:ZL200910024570.3.
    33.缪旭红,徐颖. EL型高速经编机的花型设计与产品开发[J].针织工业,2007(12):14-16.
    34.詹琏译.德国Liba公司Racop36E多梳栉经编机[J].纺织导报,1996(5):118.
    35.孔震,蒋高明,夏风林.经编机伺服控制系统的参数调节方法[J].纺织学报,2008,29(10):102-108.
    36.仇正周,蒋高明,夏风林.高速经编机电子梳栉横移运动规律及影响因素的分析[J].纺织导报,2010(5):87-90.
    37. Karl Mayer. The KS5P-EL pile tricot machine with electronic control of guide bars[J].Kettenwirk Praxis,1992(3):5-6.
    38. Zhang Qi, Jiang Gaoming,Ma Pibo. Design of Flexible Electronic Shogging System forHigh-Speed Warp-Knitting Machine [J].Journel of donghua university,2013,30(3):202-206.
    39.龙如海.针织学[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2008.216-217.
    40.蒋高明.针织学[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2011.182-183.
    41.夏风林,葛明桥,蒋高明.高速经编机梳栉横移运动的优化设计[J].纺织学报,2009,30(5):106-109.
    42.夏风林.基于直线伺服控制的经编电子横移系统研究[D]:[博士学位论文].无锡:江南大学,2010.
    43.仇正周.高速经编机电子横移的动态响应特性研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学,2010.
    44.夏风林.高速经编机电子横移系统运动精度分析[J].纺织学报,2009,30(3):106-110.
    45.覃海涛.交流伺服系统自调整技术研究[D].[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2011.
    46.张兆凯,唐苗,曹东海.电动伺服系统刚度问题研究[J].微特电机,2012,40(7):5-10.
    47.张亚辉,林家浩.结构动力学基础[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2011.9-11.
    48.高军涛.经编机电子横移系统数学模型的研究与仿真[J].现代电子技术,2012,35(12):169-172.
    49.秦文.基于伺服控制的经编柔性横移与高速响应[J].[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学,2012.
    50.张同庄.跃度连续型凸轮运动规律研究类梯形运动规律[J].北京理工大学学报,1993,13(4):500-503.
    51.石永刚,吴央芳.凸轮机构设计与应用创新[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:20-63,204-239.
    52.张琦,蒋高明,夏风林,等.高速经编机电子横移控制模型选择及动态响应分析[J].纺织学报,2012,33(1):126-131.
    53.彭国勋,肖正扬.自动机械的凸轮机构设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1990.66-68.
    54.陈先峰.伺服控制技术自学手册[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2010.51-52.
    55.姚晓先.伺服系统设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.10-13.
    56.张琦,蒋高明,夏风林.动态变结构控制策略在经编机高速电子横移中的应用[J].纺织学报,2013,34(3):121-126.
    57. Karl Mayer. Control of tricot machine pattern data[J]. Kettenwirk Praxis,2001(2):15-16.
    58. Karl Mayer. Complete concept with a direct link to the future[J]. Kettenwirk Praxis,2004(4):32-33.
    59. Karl Mayer. KAMCOS-the name for Karl Mayer's machine command system[J].Kettenwirk Praxis,2005(1):28.
    60.蒋高明.新一代经编机的现场总线控制系统[J].纺织导报,2007(3):67-72.
    61.王淑坤.滚珠丝杠进给系统定位精度分析[D].[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2006.
    62.董鹏英,郭世锋.数控机床滚珠丝杠副的选用计算[J].精密制造与自动化,2002(2):22-24.
    63.郑宝平.基于旋转电机控制的高速经编机梳栉横移研究[J].[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学,2013.
    64. MENG KING,李幼涵.机器设计中伺服电机及驱动器的选型[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2012.54-57.
    65.闫莎莎.基于DSP+CPLD的多轴运动控制器平台设计及单轴伺服运动控制算法研究[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
    66.徐军,吕琨璐,苏全志. DSP在电源设计中的应用[J].电测与仪表,2013,39(1):121-124.
    67.胡迎刚.基于FPGA的DSP设计方法的研究[J].工会博览,2010,5:12-14.
    68.何远松,谢明红.一种基于CPLD的编码器抗干扰电路设计[J].微型机与应用,2013,14,14-21.
    69.吴剑波,朱世强,罗利佳.基于DSP运动控制器的PCI总线设计[J].工业控制计算机,2008,11:13-17..
    70.张崇,于晓琳.基于TPS73HD318的DSP电源电路的设计[J].信息通信,2013,4:58-60
    71. MISUBISH. MR-J4-A伺服放大器技术资料集[M].三菱电机株式会社.2012.100-120
    72.周兴华,李玉丽,傅飞锋. CPLD/FPG与单片机联合设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2010.5-12.
    73.赵鹏,荆红莉.基于DSP开发系统设计与实现[J].现代电子技术,2012,35(6):147-149.
    74.闫克秀,谭功全,李龙兵.一种数字PID的改进算法[J].信息与电脑,2012,7:113-114.
    75.夏锋,孙优贤.基于交换式以太网实现多现场总线集成[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,15(4):58-62
    76.王雪艳.基于PLC和工控机的监控系统设计[J].煤炭技术,2012,2:63-64.
    77.殷人昆.数据数据结构(用面向对象方法与C++语言描述)第二版[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.9-20.
    78.胡玉汞.经编机电气控制系统抗干扰研究[J].山东纺织科技,2011,2:30-32.
    79.刘杰,杜忠华.波形弹簧模态分析[J].机械设计,2013,30(5):9-12.
    80.张国胜.轿车白车身模态分析和局部刚度优化方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(4):133-138.
    81.杨英,赵广耀.某轿车白车身模态分析与试验研究[J].东北大学学报,2008,29(7):1045-1048.
    82.郑锦涛,杨志坚.某乘用车白车身试验模态分析及动态特性评价[J].机械设计,2012,29(5):85-88.
    83.陈琼英,刘成武,梁辉全.应用模态测试进行车门振动分析[J].闵江学院学报,2012,33(2):56-60.
    84.洪亮,刘成武,黄键.模态测试技术在汽车零部件振动分析中的应用[J].福建工程学院学报,2012,10(1):50-53.
    85.刘念.高速经编机梳栉横移振动研究[D].[硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学,2013.
    86.张琦夏风林刘念.经编机梳栉的横移振动分析[J].纺织学报,2013,34(7):121-125.
    87.董学武,李建华,张启峰.新型织机综框的减振技术研究[J].纺织学报,2002,23(1):40-42.