摘要
农田生态系统是重要的生态系统之一,可提供人类赖以生存的最基本物质。在农田生态系统中,土壤养分可影响植物生长,进而影响凋落物的质量和产量,而凋落物的质量和产量影响凋落物分解过程。本文采用同质模拟实验方法和应用分解网袋法,研究了不同养分浓度对两种冬小麦(中麦9号和轮选987)凋落物产量和凋落物分解的影响。结果表明:
1)两种冬小麦叶和根生物量随土壤养分浓度提高而增大,因此凋落物产量随养分梯度增加。相反,两种冬小麦的根冠比随土壤养分浓度提高而减小,植物生长在土壤养分0.50%时最好,凋落物产量也最高。
2)土壤养分影响叶凋落物丢失率,而对根凋落物丢失率没有影响,凋落物丢失与生境中养分水平之间不存在明显的相关关系。
3)两种冬小麦的叶和根的C:N比值随土壤养分浓度的提高而降低,但是,叶C:N比始终小于根C:N比,这种格局也存在于分解后残留的叶和根中,可见,生境中养分提高可降低叶和根C:N比,而且养分对叶C:N比的影响大于对根C:N比的影响。两种冬小麦叶和根分解前C:N比大于分解后C:N。可见,分解过程降低叶和根C:N比,凋落物的分解随着分解进程变得越来越容易。
4)两种冬小麦叶和根的N归还量随土壤养分浓度的提高而增加,相似的格局也存在于叶和根的C归还中。叶C、N归还量对土壤养分的依赖性强于根C、N归还量,N归还量对土壤养分的依赖性强于C归还量。
Farmland ecosystem is one of the most important ecosystems in the world, which provides basic materials for human existences. In a farmland ecosystem, soil nutrient can affect plant growth, and thus, the quality and quantity of plant litters, which will also affect the process of litter decomposition. In two controlled experiments, the effects of soil nutrient on litterfall and litter decomposition of two winter wheat cultivars (Zhongmai 9 and Lunxuan 987) were studied using Homogeneous decomposition method. The results were as follows:
1) Biomass, and thus, litterfall in leaf and root of the two cultivars increased with the increases in soil nutrient. However, the rates of root to shoot of the two cultivars all decreased with the increases in soil nutrient, Plants growing best in soil nutrients 0.50%, the litter production too.
2) Soil nutrient affectted the decomposition of leaf litters in these two winter wheat but did not affect their root litters.
3) The C:N ratios in leaf and root of the two cultivars all decreased with the increases in soil nutrient, but C:N ratio in leaf was almost lower than that in root. These were similar to C:N ratios in leaf and root litters of the two cultivars. Obviously, nutrient addition reduced the C:N ratios in leaf and root, and even, the effect of soil nutrients on C:N ratio in leaf was greater than that in root. The C:N ratios in leaf and and root of the two cultivars significantly decreased after decomposition, and thus, litter decomposition would be accelerated as C:N ratio decrease.
4) N and C return in the leaf and root of the two cultivars all increased with increase in soil nutrient availability. The dependence of C and N releases in the leaf on soil nutrient availability was stronger than that in the root. The dependence of N release on soil nutrient availability was stronger than that of C release.
引文
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