摘要
围岩分级一直是隧道及地下工程中的重要课题。由于工程地质环境的不同,围岩分级方法的适宜性受到了质疑和关注。因此,在特定的工程地质条件下,研究围岩分级体系有着重要的实践意义。
本文以黔东南浅变质岩隧道群为研究对象,通过现场调查和室内试验,分析黔东南浅变质岩的物理力学性质、围岩破坏形式及影响围岩稳定性的主要因素,探索适合本地区隧道施工阶段的围岩动态分级法,为贵州境浅变质岩区内高速公路安全快速的建设提供强有力的保障,且为类似工程提供经验和数据积累。本文主要研究成果如下:
(1)通过对地形地貌、岩性调查及地质体追踪等现场调研活动,判断出隧址区内地质构造较简单,地质活动不强烈,无断层等重大不良地质体;通过室内试验得到了浅变质岩的基本物理力学参数,该浅变质岩多为软岩~较坚硬岩;结合施工现场实际情况,分析了隧址区内施工中潜在的地质灾害情况。
(2)通过对施工阶段掌子面观测,分析了隧址区围岩变形破坏的类型,本区内围岩变形破坏以混合型为主,即围岩不仅受岩石强度的制约,还受结构面的制约,与之对应的围岩破坏的主要形式主要是掉块、弯折内鼓、顶部拱曲、塌落、松弛及崩塌。
(3)通过对现场超前地质预报测试分析,得到了该区完整围岩、断层破碎带、富水带、裂隙发育带等的地质体的雷达分析图。
(4)根据隧址区围岩特性及稳定性的影响因素分析,确定了围岩分级的基本因素为岩石的坚硬程度和岩体的完整程度,修正因素为地下水及结构面产状与洞轴线的组合关系,并对各个指标进行了相关性分析。在实际工程中,可利用超前地质预报和BQ法对围岩级别进行综合判断,这将大大提高围岩级别的准确性。
(5)通过施工监控量测及其后期分析,得到了与浅变质岩围岩级别相适应的收敛范围,为围岩级别的判定提供了校核。
(6)利用灰色系统理论对围岩级别进行了分析,将其结果与上述方法进行对比,约有85%的结果是一致的,这说明运用运用灰色理论进行围岩级别是可行的。但通过现场反馈信息看出,综合运用超前预报和BQ法判断围岩级别更为快捷。
Classification of wall rock is always an important topic of the tunnel and underground engineerings. Because of different engineering geological conditions, the adaption of classification of wall rocks has been severely focused and queried. Thus, it is important for certain engineering circumstance to study classification of wall rock systemtically.
It is analysed for epimetamorphic rock in southeast of Guizhou by field investigations and laboratory tests in this paper, including the physical-mechanical properties, destructional forms and main influencing factors of wall rock. And it is discussed to classify the wall rock dynamically in construction of tunnels. All researches will be not only profit for safety construction of XiaRong high way, but also useful for similar projects. The main results are as follow:
(1) Judging from the investigation of landform, lithology and geologic body, it was concluded that the geological structures of tunnel site are relatively simple, and the geologic activities were not strong. The indoor tests of the basic physical-mechanical parameter for epimetamorphic is performed. It is mainly soft or relatively hard rock. It is investigated that the environmental engineering issues, on the basis of the construction site.
(2) The types of deformation and failure of wall rock were analysed by observing work face of tunnel. In this region, wall rock are influenced by solid of rock and structural plane. There are some failure types of wall rock, such as block, bend the drum, arched top, collapse, relaxation and collapse.
(3) By the geological prediction test, the typical radar reflectogram of geological phenomenon was obtained including the whole wall rock, fault zone, water-rich zone, fracture zone, etc.
(4) According to the features and stability factors on wall rock, it can be confirmed that the basic classification factors are hardness degree of rock and integrated degree of rock mass. Modified factors are ground water and syntagmatic relations between the orientation of discontinuity and the axis of tunnel. Relevant relationship of respective index were analyzed. It is feasible to determine and evaluate the classification of wall rock in tunnel excavation by the geological forecast test and BQ method together.
(5) It is obtained the convergence level of the range of epimetamorphic rock by monitore and measuration in the construction and post-analysis, which provide a standard to determine the degree of the wall rock.
(6) The classification of wall rock was done by grey relational theory. Compared with the geological forest test and BQ method,the results of classification by grey relational theory are the same about 85%. It shows that the grey relational theory is feasible for the classification. But it is simple and efficient to utilize the advanced prediction test and BQ method together in determining the grade of wall rock on the basis of the feedback information.
引文
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