摘要
从目前纺织品染整加工对交联剂的要求出发，本课题制备了两种新型的能与纤维素纤维交联的含多官能团的无甲醛交联剂。一种是双活性交联剂P(DMDAAC-AGE)，对棉织物活性染料染色具有较好的固色性能，尤其是对湿摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度的提高较为明显，可以作为一种无甲醛、高效、成本较低的棉用固色交联剂。另一种是用于提高功能整理耐久性的聚氨酯型无甲醛交联剂PCL-2，具有良好的成膜性，并且其膜具有耐磨性、抗皱性、耐水性等特点，用于提高抗紫外功能耐久性等整理效果较好。探讨了两种交联剂的合成工艺，并对其结构和性能进行了表征，主要得出以下结论：
1、以二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE)为原料，制备了双活性基交联剂P(DMDAAC-AGE)，优化的合成工艺条件为：单体AGE和DMDAAC的物质的量比为1﹕2，反应混合液中总单体初始质量分数为30%，引发剂质量为总单体质量的0.75%，引发剂和原料AGE的加料方式为连续滴加，80℃保温反应6h。
2、交联剂P(DMDAAC-AGE)用量为30g/L，浴比1︰30，二浸二轧（轧余率75%），预烘（45℃×3min），130℃焙烘处理织物3min后可得到较好的固色处理效果。活性染料染色后的棉织物经其处理，湿摩擦牢度可达4级，干摩擦牢度可达4～5级，皂洗牢度可达4级。
3、以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚二元醇(PPG)、二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)等为主要原料，采用自乳化法制备水性聚氨酯交联剂PCL-2。研究了-NCO/-OH摩尔比值、DMBA和TMP含量对乳液稳定性、黏度和膜力学性能、耐水性的影响。所得的交联剂乳液存储稳定，性能良好。无机抗紫外整理棉织物后再经交联剂进行耐久处理，经50次水洗后，UPF值可以保持在67.38。
4、采用红外光谱(FTIR)、热分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、Zeta电位和粒径分析等测试方法，表征了交联剂的结构和性能。
Considering the current demand of the textile dyeing and finishing on thecross-linking agent, two new formaldehyde-free cross-linking agent with multi-functional were prepared in this research, which could react with cellulose fiber. Onewas bi-reactive group cross-linking agent P(DMDAAC-AGE) which had good fixingperformance in reactive dyed cotton fabrics, and it could be used as a formaldehyde-free,efficient and low-cost cross-linking agent in fixing process of cotton. Anotherpolyurethane formaldehyde-free cross-linking agent PCL-2was synthesized which wasused to improve the durability of the functional finishing. The PCL-2had goodfilm-forming, and the abrasion resistance, wrinkle resistance, water resistance of thefilm was good. When it was used to improve the durability of anti-UV and otherfinishing, the effect was good. Explore the synthesis process, and their structure andproperties were characterized. The following was main conclusions of this paper:
1. Using dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC) and allyl glycidylether(AGE) as raw material, double-reactive cross-linking agent P(DMDAAC-AGE)was synthesized. The optimum synthesis conditions were defined as follows：the moleratio of AGE to DMDAAC1：2, initial concentration of the monomers30%in waterphase, initiator0.75%(to the mass of monomers), continuous dropwise addition of theinitiator and AGE, reaction at80℃for6hours.
2. The process conditions are: cross-linking agent P(DMDAAC-AGE)30g/L, bathratio1:30, double dip and double nip(liquor retention70%), pre-drying at45℃for3min, curing at130℃for3min. After finishing, the fixing performance of the reactivedyed cotton fabric was good. Results showed that the reactive dyed cotton fabric wastreated by P(DMDAAC-AGE) had fairly good color fastness with4-level to wetrubbing,4～5-level to dry rubbing and4-level to soaping.
3. Using isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) and polyether binary alcohol(PPG), dimethylol butanoic acid(DMBA) and trimethylol propane(TMP) as main raw material,waterborne polyurethane cross-linking agent PCL-2was synthesized by self-emulsion.The-NCO/-OH ratio、DMBA and TMP on the stability and viscosity of emulsion,film’s water absorption and mechanical properties. PCL-2emulsion has goodperformance and storage stability. Cotton fabrics were finished by an inorganicultraviolet screening agent and then by PCL-2. The UPF value kept67.38after50washing times.
4. The configuration and properties of the cross-linking agent were characterizedby FTIR、TG-DTA、SEM、Zeta electric potential and particle size analysis.
引文
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