摘要
“宜居城市”是我国城市建设的重要目标。城市的建设应以人为本,并以提高人的生活质量为宗旨。而人及其生活是一种文化性存在,因此“宜居城市”的建设离不开文化要素的支撑。但目前“宜居城市”建设实践中却存在重硬件、轻文化性软件的倾向。本文以研究文化资本在城市宜居性提升上的功能为目的,创造性地提出了“生活本体论”的研究框架,综合运用结构——功能分析法、问卷调查法、因子分析和回归分析法、群组层次分析法、多层向前人工神经网络法和数学模型法,展开文化资本对城市宜居性的提升功能探索性研究:
构建研究文化资本对城市宜居性的提升功能这一问题的“生活本体论”理论框架。理论框架以对社会发展生活本体事实的揭示为前提。在“生活本体论”范式下,建立了城市文化资本概念模型,包括城市文化资本内涵、外延的界定,城市文化资本特征分析;界定了宜居城市及其表征体系城市宜居性的概念内涵,并从城市居民生活需求出发界定了城市宜居性外延;以文化资本与城市宜居性的观测变量为切入点,在区别大文化与小文化的基础上,从理论层面揭示了城市文化资本对城市宜居性的提升功能的必然性及功能路径。
通过相关性分析,检验文化资本在城市宜居性提升上是否存在显著功能。提出以城市宜居性提升为前提的文化资本功能假设。通过问卷调查获取用于假设检验的实证数据,在数据通过信度、效度及样本偏差检验后,采用因子分析与回归分析相结合的方法,检验假设。描述并解释假设检验的结果,以回答现实中文化资本在提升城市宜居性上是否具有显性功能这一问题。并在实证检验结果基础上,从理论视角解释在现实中对每一项城市宜居性观测变量而言,具有显性价值的文化资本要素功能实现方式。现状调查基础上的相关性分析表明,虽然现实状况下个别文化资本要素在某个城市宜居性观测变量上没有呈现显著功能或呈现出负功能,但是从总体上看,文化资本在提高城市宜居性的实践中具有全面、多样的显性功能,城市宜居性系统中各环境要素的宜居水平都受到文化资本的影响,并且除自然环境外,文化环境、社会环境和经济环境的宜居水平都与文化资本呈现了正相关关系。
通过仿真,预测理想状态下不同文化资本要素变动导致的城市宜居性变化,比较文化资本各要素在提升城市宜居性上的功能差异。限定仿真内容与条件,解释仿真模型及模型相关系数计算方法的选择过程与选择结果,并对获取必要数据的方式进行解释。检验数据的信度、效度和选择性偏差。构建仿真预测模型,并在MATLAB软件帮助下计算出模型相关系数。通过MATLAB软件进行模型仿真,得出不同的文化资本要素输入状态下,城市宜居性状态输出值的变化情况。仿真结果表明,不同的文化资本要素功能侧重点有区别,城市居民日常行为惯习及教育机构确认的文化资本的完善能够产生最好的城市宜居性输出结果。与功能的实证检验结果比较可以发现,文化资本能够输出的功能与文化资本现实输出的功能之间存在差异。
通过数学建模与仿真分析,提出优化文化资本对城市宜居性提升功能的建议。建立数学模型,从逻辑分析角度说明文化资本自身、城市政府机构、城市内外的企业作为运作主体对城市文化资本功能输出的影响,并把相关人力资源能力(文化资本生产、运作、维护的能力),各种要素的投入和城市居民对待文化资本的态度作为影响运作结果的要素纳入到模型中。通过对模型赋值,在MATLAB软件内仿真,进一步揭示了不同要素对文化资本功能输出的影响程度,和不同状况下文化资本功能输出的变化趋势。仿真结果表明,持续的积累与投入是优化功能的基础。对于投入要素而言,人力资本素质提高及技术应用能够取得最理想的优化结果。对于不同参与主体而言,政府的参与及合理规划能够取得最理想的优化效果。
在城市场域内展开的文化资本对城市宜居性的提升功能这一探索性研究,不仅将具有理论拓展意义,而且迎合了建设宜居城市的需求,能够为提升城市宜居性的实践过程提供指导。
“Livable city”is an important aim for urban development in our country. Urban development in any space and time should be people-oriented and aim for promoting people’s living state. Human activity has relationship with cultural factors because of human’s cultural essence. Cultural factors play an important role in the constructing process of“livable city”. But cultural factors haven’t been paid enough attention to in the construction of“livable city”nowadays. This paper takes the promoting function of cultural capital on urban livability as aim to attract more attention on cultural capital and support the operating and managing of cultural capital in the practice process of“livable city”construction. In the paper,“ontology of living”is the macroscopic clue. Structural-functionalism analysis, questionnaire method, factor analysis, regression analysis, group-AHP, multi-layer forward BP Artificial Neural Networks and mathematical model are used. This paper does an exploratory research in the promoting function of cultural capital on urban livability based on conditions above.
This paper establishes the theoretic research framework based on“ontology of living”for studing the function of urban cultural capital in urban livability construction. The precondition of the framework is“ontology of living”. Based on the precondition, conception model of urban cultural capital including the connotation, extension and character has been constructed. Connotation and extension of livable city and urban livability have been defined. Taking urban livability as the entrance, the necessity and function path of urban cultural capital in constructing process of urban livability has been revealed theoretically based on the distinguishing of big culture and small culture.
Obvious promoting function of urban cultural capital for urban livability has been checked out by method of relativity analysis. Hypotheses about cultural capital’s function are proposed based on upgrading the urban livability. Then we check these hypotheses by the way of empirical research. Necessary dates are gotten by questionnaire survey. All hypotheses are checked by factor analysis and regression analysis after carrying out the reliability, validity and alternative bias check and results are presented. Discribe the results of the hypothesis test to answer the question of if cultural capital has obvious promoting function on urban livability. The study results show that, although some urban cultural capital factors don’t present siginificant function or present minus function, cultural capital has already expressed all-sided functions in the whole. From the results, we find out that all environments’livability of culture, society, economy and nature have relationship with urban cultural capital condition. Except natural environment’s livability, the other environment’s livability has positive correlation with cultural capital.
Differences of each cultural capital factors’promoting function on urban livability are studied by simulating and forecasting the change of the output value of urban livability with the change of urban cultural capital’s value. We design the study, explain the selective process of simulating model and method of weitht coefficient calculation, describe the select result, explain how to get necessary dates in the paper. Then we carry out the reliability, validity and alternative bias check of dates. Simulating model is established and related weight coefficient is calcuated by MATLAB. Change of the output of the model are gotten under the condition of defferent urban cultural capital’s value by MATLAB. The simulating results show that the importance of each urban cultural capital factor is different, and the function of cultural characteristic rooted in residents’behavior in ordinary living and culture endued with value by educational system is biggest. Comparing with empirical study results, the functions of urban cultural capital between ideal and practice are different.
The ways about how to optimize the output of the promoting function of urban cultural capital for urban livability have been studied. The logic mathematic accumulation model of urban cultural capital is constructed. The model includes three factors (input, makings of related personnel, attitude of denizen to cultural capital) which can influence the accumulation result and four main bodies (urban government, corporations in the city, corporations out of the city,urban denizen) who can operate the accumulation process. By the model, the changes of cultural capital accumulation under different conditions are emulated by MATLAB. The simulating results disclose that the basic condition for increasing the function output is keeping persistent accumulation of cultural capital and input necessary funds, labour force and materials. In all factors, the promotion of diathesis of persons and technology application can output the optimal optimizing result. Of all main bodies, the rational planning of urban government can output the optimal optimizing result.
The exploratory research of the promoting function of cultural capital for urban livability in this paper not only extends the theoretical investigation of cultural capital and livable city, but also accommodates the practice needs of livable city constructing.
引文
1牛建宏.专家担忧:宜居城市会否“千城一面”?.中国经济周刊. 2007, (23): 34-36
2 Developed With the GVRD, Sheltair Group. The International Centre for Sustainable Cities and the University of British Columbia’s Liu Centre for the Study of Global Issues. PLAN 540A– Omnibus September 26, 2005
3上海社会科学院课题组.塑造实力与福利兼顾的国际大都市.上海经济研究. 2005, (2): 41-51,78
4任致远.关于宜居城市的拙见.城市发展研究. 2005, (4): 33-36
5 Annette Lareau, Elliot B.Weiningre. Cultural Capital in Educational Research: A Critical Sssessment. Theory and Society. 2003, 32: 567-606
6姚俭建,岑文忠.试论文化资本的积累机制.社会发展论坛. 2004, (3): 2
7 Sao-Wen Cheng. Cultural Goods Creation, Cultural Capital Formation, Provision of Cultural Services and Cultural Atmosphere Accumulation. Cult Econ. 2006, 30: 263-286
8 Arjo Klamer. Accounting for Social and Cultural Values. De Economist. 2002, 150: 463-467
9饶会林.城市文化与文明.高等教育出版社. 2005:序言,1,38,15,106-132,323
110吕庆华.文化资源的产业开发的文化资本理论基础.生产力研究. 2006, (9): 183-185
11 Abercrombie, Hill, Turner. The Dominant Edeology Thesie. London: Allen & Unwin, 1980.转引自:马尔科母·沃特斯.现代社会学理论.杨善华等译.华夏出版社, 2000: 215
12马克·J·史密斯.文化——再造社会科学.张美川译.吉林人民出版社, 2005:6
13杨曾宪.试论文化的本质及分类.理论学刊. 1999, (3): 94-98
14刘景泉.关于文化分类的反思.广东社会科学. 2006, (3): 71-78
15 Thomas F. King. What Should Be the“Cultural Resources”Element of an EIA?. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2000, (20): 5-30
16 Douglas S. Noonan. Contingent Valuation and Cultural Resources: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Literature. Journal of Cultural Economics. 2003,27: 159-176
17胡兆量.文化资源论.城市问题. 2006, (4): 2-7
18申维辰.评价文化——文化资源评估与文化产业评价.山西教育出版社, 2004: 6-7
19张彩凤.论我国文化资源的产业化开发.中共济南市委党校学报. 2005, (3): 77-80
20杨启明,杨明洪,李林.论四川文化资源资本转化的规律.商场现代化. 2006, (2): 200-201
21皮埃尔·布迪厄.资本的形式.武锡申译.社会科学文献出版社.全球化与文化资本, 2005: 3,6,7
22 George D. Thompson. Cultural capital and accounting. Accounting Auditing &Accountability Journal. 1999, 12(4): 394-412
23 Angela Calabrese Barton, Kimberley Yang. The Culture of Power and Science Education: Learning from Miguel. Research in Science Teaching.2000, 37(8): 871-889
24 David Throsby. On The Sustainability of Cultural Capital. http://www.econ.mq. edu.au/ research/ 2005/cult_cap_ throsby.pdf
25姚俭建,岑文忠.试论文化资本的积累机制.社会发展论坛. 2004, (3): 2
26张鸿雁.城市形象与城市文化资本论——中外城市形象比较的社会学研究.东南大学出版社, 2004: 380,9,4-5,146,371
27 Franke R.H., Hofstede G., Bond M.H. Cultural Roots of Economic Performance: A Research Note. Strategic-anugement Journal. 1991, (12): 165-173
28 James P. Johnson, Tomasz Lenartowicz. Culture, Freedom and Economic Growth: Do Cultural Values Explain Economic Growth?. Journal of World Business. 1998, 33(4): 332-56
29 Hall, P. Creative Cities and Economic Development. Urban Studies. 2000, (4): 639- 649
30 Ana Bedate, Luis César Herrero, Joséángel Sanz. Economic Valuation of the Cultural Heritage: Application to Four Case Studies in Spain. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2004, (5) :101-111
31 Nils Goldschmidt. A Cultural Approach to Economics. Intereconomics. 2006, (7): 176-182
32 Sjoerd Beugelsdijk. Entrepreneurial Culture, Regional Innovativeness andEconomic Growth. J Evol Econ. 2007, (17): 187-210
33沈琍.浅谈文化力对经济发展的推动.中共福建省委党校学报. 2007, (5): 52-53
34卡尔·曼海姆.文化社会学论要.刘继同,左芙蓉译.中国城市出版社,2002: 1,32
35郑杭生.中国特色社会学理论的应用——当代中国的热点问题.中国人民大学出版社, 2005: 513
36 M.A. Quaddus, Lai Lai Tung. Explaining Cultural Differences in Decision Conferencing. Communications of the ACM. 2002, 45(8): 93-98
37苏国勋.全球化背景下的文化冲突与共生(上).国外社会科学. 2003,(3): 2-12
38 Michael Alvard. Book reviews:“The Emergence of Culture: The Evolution of a Uniquely Human Way of Life”. Journal of Human Evolution. 2007, 52: 227-229
39范正宇.文化力细分与生活品质主导战略的关系.中共杭州市委党校学报2007, (1): 17-18
40 Modesto Gayo-Cal. Leisure and Participation in Britain. Cultural Trends. 2006, 15: 175-192
41 Saumitra SenGupta, Rodney Hopson, Melva Thompson-Robinson. Cultural Competence in Evaluation: An Overview. New Directions for Evaluation. 2004, 102: 5-19
42 Roy Ellen. Book Reviews: The Problem of Nature: Environment, Culture and European Expansion. Journal of Rural Studies. 1997, 13(3): 362-363
43任永堂.人类文化的绿色革命.黑龙江人民出版社, 2000: 15-16,47
44 M. Sharon Jeannotte. Singing Alone? The Contribution of Cultural Capital to Social Cohesion and Sustainable Communities. The International Journal of Cultural Policy. 2003, 9 (1): 35-49
45 Carol Patterson. Cultural Capital and Place: Coles Bay and the Freycinet Peninsula, Tasmania. Geographical Research. 2008, 46(3): 350–360
46 Phoebe Cochrane. Exploring Cultural Capital and Its Importance in Sustainable Development. Ecological Economics. 2006, 57: 318-330
47卜长莉.文化资本的多寡决定财富分配的高低——布尔迪厄文化资本投资的启示.中国行政管理. 2003, (2): 56-58
48 Tony Bennett, Elizabeth B. Silva. Introduction Cultural Capital and Inequality: Policy Issues and Contexts. Cultural Trends. 2006, 15: 87-106
49朱国华.习性与资本:略论布迪厄的主要概念工具(上).东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版). 2004, (1): 33-37
50曹荣湘.导读:文化资本、文化产品与文化制度问题.全球化与文化资本.社会科学文献出版社, 2005: 1-14
51 Mendis, Asoka. Social Capital Formation and Institutions for Sustainability. Workshop Proceedings. 1998, (11): 16-17
52赵岚峰.中国语境下的社会资本与文化资本.兰州学刊.2005, (6): 174-176
53 Stanley, Dick. What Do We Know About Social Cohesion?转引自M. Sharon Jeannotte. Singing Alone? The Contribution of Cultural Capital to Social Cohesion and Sustainable Communities. The International Journal of Cultural Policy. 2003, 9 (1): 35-49
54卜长莉.文化资本的多寡决定财富分配的高低——布尔迪厄文化资本投资的启示.中国行政管理. 2003, (2): 56-58
55李敏.文化与经济整合:商品价值建构的生态视角.中国软科学. 2003, (2): 152-157
56 Maria Anne Skaates, Henrikki Tikkanen, Kimmo Alajoutsij. Social and Cultural Capital in Project Marketing Service Firms: Danish Architectural Firms on the German Market. Scand. J. Mgmt. 2002,18: 589-609
57 J.d. snowball, K.g. willist. Building Cultural Capital: Transforming the South African Nationalarts Festival. South African Journal of Economics. 2006, 74(1): 20-33
58储小平.中国“家文化”泛化的机制与文化资本.学术研究. 2003,(11): 15-19
59 Elizabeth B. Silva. Homologies of Social Space and Elective Affinities: Researching Cultural Capital. Sociology. 2006, 40(6): 1171-1189
60 Lahire, B. La Culture des Individus. Paris: La Decouverte.转引自Elizabeth B. Silva. Homologies of Social Space and Elective Affinities: Researching Cultural Capital. Sociology. 2006, 40(6): 1171-1189
61王文洪.从城市竞争力视角看城市文化的重要作用.中共浙江省委党校学报. 2005, (2): 115-118
62刘易斯·芒福德.城市发展史——起源、演变和前景.宋俊岭,倪文彦译.中国建筑工业出版社, 2005: 2,7
63杰里米·里金夫.欧洲梦——21世纪人类发展的新梦想.杨治宜译.重庆出版社, 2006: 213
64纪晓岚.论城市本质.中国社会科学出版社. 2002.5: 51
65任志远.略论现代城市发展目标取向.城乡建设. 2003, (1): 13
66单霁翔.从“功能城”走向“文化城市”发展路径辨析.文艺研究.2007,(3): 41-53
67何明俊.西方城市规划理论范式的转换及对中国的启示.城市规划. 2008,(2): 71-77
68马庆斌,韩恒.城市发展影响因素研究综述.城市问题. 2004, (2): 15-22
69 James Simmie, Juliet Carpenter. Towards an Evolutionary and Endogenous Growth Theory Explanation of Why Regional and Urban Economies in England are Diverging. Planning, Practice & Research. 2008, 23(1): 101-124
70 Fabio Sabatini. Social Capital as Social Networks: A New Framework for Measurement and an Empirical Analysis of Its Determinants and Consequences. The Journal of Social-Economics. 2008, (6): 1-14
71 Hilda Blanco, Tim Campbell. Social Capital of Cities: Emerging Networks of Horizontal Assistance. Technology in Society. 2006, 28: 169-181
72 D.McEvoy, D.C.Gibbs, J. W. S. Longhurst. City-Regions and the Development of Sustainable Energy-Supply Systems. International Journal of Energy Research Int. J. Energy Res. 2000, 24: 215-237.
73甄峰,郑俊,罗绍荣.城市宜居性评价及规划建设途径——以广东清远为例.城市问题. 2009, (10): 29-34
74 Yui Hashimoto. Food for Thought: The St. Paul Farmers’Market’s Contribution to a Livable City. Cities in the 21st Century. 2009,1:1-38
75 Salzano, Edoardo. Seven Aims for the Livable City.中国宜居城市研究网(www.livablecity.com.cn) 2007-1-29
76郑大伟,阮平南.基于网络分析法的广义宜居城市概念.城市发展研究. 2007, 14(3):6-12
77 CitiesPLUS. A Susatinable Urban Syestm: The Long temr Plna for Greater Vancouver. Vancouver,Canada: Cities, 2003.
78 Bleeked Marquetted. Making City Livable. Am J Public Health. 1928, 18: 1109-1114
79张文忠.宜居城市的内涵及评价指标体系的探讨.城市规划学刊. 2007, (3): 30-34
80 Mike Douglass. From Global Intercity Competition to Cooperation for Livable Cities and Economic. Environment&Urbanization. 2002, 14(1): 53-68
81 Sabra Elysia Loewus. Downtown Living: For Families? The Vancouver, BCUrban Livability Experience And Lessons for Other Cities. Master on City Planning. University of Washington. 2008: 15
82 Suzanne H. Crowhurst, Henry L. Lennard. Livable Communities Observed. Carmel: Gondolier Press, 1995
83 Stephen Maxwell Wheeler. Designing the Livable Metropolis: Metropolitan Institutions and the Evolution of Urban Form. University of California Berkeley, 2000: 10
84 Aseem Inam. Book Review: The Livable City: Revitalizing Urban Communities LandScape Jrnl. 2002, 21: 87-88
85 Ren Thomas, Katheryn Scharf, Jeca Glor-Bell, Debra Bodner. The Livable City. PLAN 540A– Omnibus, September 26, 2005: 1
86李丽萍,郭宝华.关于宜居城市的理论探讨.城市发展研究. 2006, (2): 76-80
87 http://www.sohoxiaobao.com/chinese/bbs/blog_view.php?id=662237
88赵勇.国内“宜居城市”概念研究综述.城市问题. 2007, (10): 76-79
89 M. Sharon Jeannotte. Singing Alone? The Contribution of Cultural Capital to Social Cohesion and Sustainable Communities. The International Journal of Cultural Policy. 2003, 9 (1): 35-49
90 Laura Bovone. Urban Style Cultures and Urban Cultural Production in Milan: Postmodern Identity and the Transformation of Fashion. Poetics. 2006, 34: 370-382
91 J.McCann. The Cultural Politics of Local Economic Development: Meaning-making, Place-making, and the Urban Policy Process. Geoforum. 2002, 33: 385-398
92王益澄.城市文化现代化指标体系及其评价.经济地理. 2003, (3): 230-232
93 Gianmarco I.P. Ottaviano, Giovanni Peri. Cities and cultures. Journal of Urban Economics .2005, 58: 304-337
94 Christien Klaufus. Book review: City and Culture: Cultural Processes and Urban Sustainability. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment.2000,15: 391-394
95高宣扬.流行文化社会学.中国人民大学出版社, 2006: 202,207
96 Lily Kong. Cultural Icons and Urban Development in Asia: Economic Imperative, National Identity, and Global City Status. Political Geography. 2007, 26: 383-404
97段七零.世界城市发展的阶段性特征与影响因素研究.株洲师范高等专科学校学报. 2005, (4): 15-18
98 Perez de Cue′llar, Javier, et al. Our Creative Diversity—Report of the World Commission on Culture and Development .UNESCO, Paris, 1996
99 Deborah Stevenson.“Civic Gold”Rush Cultural Planning and the Politics of the Third Way. Cultural Policy. 2004, 10(1): 119-131
100 Jieming Zhu, Loo-Lee Sim, Xing-Quan Zhang. Global Real Estate Investments and Local Cultural Capital in the Making of Shanghai’s New Office Locations. Habitat International. 2006, 30: 462-481
101 Bradshaw Hovey. Review Essay: In Search of Urban Livability. Joural of Urban History. 2008, 34(3): 552-561
102李扬.“宜居”才是城市发展的关键词.新华日报, 2005 - 03 -20
103吴良镛.北京旧城保护研究(上篇).北京城市规划建设. 2005, (1): 20-28
104北京市社会科学院《北京文化创意产业发展研究》课题组.北京文化创意产业的发展定位.北京社会科学. 2007, (4): 19-22
105袁方,林彬.社会调查原理与方法.高等教育出版社, 2000: 395,60
106王雅林.发展:回归生活本体——兼谈社会学研究范式的本体论基础.中国社会学2008年会会议论文
107唐·库比特.生活生活.王志成,朱彩虹译.宗教文化出版社, 2004: 67
108 Karl Marx. Die Fruhschriften, Struttgart: A. Kroner Verlag. 1953: 243
109阿马蒂亚·森.以自由看待发展.中国人民大学出版社, 2002: 1,10,12,62,中文版序言20
110阿马蒂亚·森.生活水准.上海财经大学出版社, 2007: 3,52
111德尼·古莱.发展伦理学.社会科学文献出版社, 2003: 43
112 Rohner, R.P. Toward a Conception of Culture for Cross-cultural Sychology. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology. 1984,(15): 111–138
113 Cornelius Osgood. ZngdiR Material Culture. New Haven, 1940: 25-27
114 Margaret Mead. Co-operation and Competition among Primitive Peoples. New York ,1937 :27
115 Kluckhohn Clyde, Was. H. Kjclly. Cultural Anthropology. New York, Rinehart and Co, 1958:16, 427
116司马云杰.文化社会学.第二版.中国社会科学出版社.2003: 9,410
117 Saumitra SenGupta, Rodney Hopson,Melva Thompson-Robinson. Cultural Competence in Evaluation:An Overview. New Directions for Evaluation. 2004,102:5-19
118阿雷恩·鲍尔德温,布莱恩·朗赫斯特等.文化研究导论.陶东风等译.高等教育出版社, 2004: 337
119梁漱溟.东西文化及其哲学.上海商务印书馆.1929:53,转引自司马云杰.文化社会学.中国社会科学出版社.2003:3
120景天魁.解读中国发展之谜.中国社会科学院研究生院学报.2007,(9):5-12
121陈俊明.资本转型论.社会科学文献出版社. 2004: 2
122 Rowan Taylor. Forms of Capital and Internsic Values. Chemosphere. 1996, 33 (9): 1801-1811
123孙伟平.价值定义略论.湖南师范大学社会科学学报. 1997, (4): 13
124 Johnson, James H Jr, Bienenstock, Elisa Jayne; Stoloff, Jennifer. An Empirical Test of the Cultural Capital Hypothesis——A Review of Black Political Economy. 1995, 23(4):7-27
125克利斯朵夫·克拉格,索珊娜·格罗斯巴得·斯哥茨曼.文化资本与经济发展导论.吴丹译.全球化与文化资本.社会科学文献出版社. 2005: 223
126 Swidler, A. Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies. American Sociological Review.1986,51: 273-86
127 Jeffrey Jacob, Merlin Brinkerhoff, Emily Jovic, etl. The Social and Cultural Capital of Community Currency An Ithaca HOURS Case Study Survey. International Journal of Community Currency Research. 2004, 8:43
128高波,张志鹏.文化资本:经济增长源泉的一种解释.南京大学学报(哲学、人文科学、社会科学). 2004, (5): 102
129 Nisha Korattyswaroopam. BookReview:Livable Cities? Urban Struggles for Livelihood and Sustainability.Journal of the American Planning Association. 2004, 70: 122
130马林·诺夫斯基.科学的文化理论.黄建波等译.中央民族大学出版社, 1999: 74,128,30
131 Omar Lizardo. Can Cultural Capital Theory Be Reconsidered in the Light of World Polity Institutionalism? Evidence from Spain. Poetics. 2005, 33: 87-88
132刘士林.艺术与城市文明笔谈.甘肃社会科学. 2007, (2): 44
133马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集第1卷,人民出版社,1956: 666
134 Jin Zhouying. Driving Force for Sustainable Development: Principles of Harmony and Balance. AI&Society. 2002, 16: 21-48
135王凤云.对文化产业的辩证思维.商场现代化. 2007, (12): 233 -234
136李广斌,王勇,袁中金.城市特色与城市形象塑造.城市规划. 2006, (2): 79-82
137平遥古城.http://travel.tom.com/2254/2257/2004825-31853.html
138贾启艾.人际沟通.东南大学出版社, 2000: 4
139阿雷恩·鲍尔德温,布莱恩·朗赫斯特等.文化研究导论.陶东风等译.高等教育出版社, 2004: 337
140包玉秋.社会公平的法哲学基础.社会主义研究. 2007, (5): 77-80
141 Jeroen Stouten, David De Cremer, Eric van Dijk. Managing Equality in Social Dilemmas: Emotional and Retributive Implications. Social Justice Research. 2007, 20(1): 51-67
142张康之.道德整合:社会公平与社会秩序获得的根本出路.学习与探索. 2002, (1): 30-34
143刘秀华.唯物史观视域中人的个性与社会秩序的关系.北京师范大学学报(社会科学版). 2007, (4): 102-108
144邓小平.邓小平文选第2卷.人民出版社, 1994:333
145魏永忠.论我国城市社会安全指数的预警等级与指标体系.中国行政管理. 2007, (2): 89-94
146 Amitai Etaioni. Religion And Social Order. Policy Review. 2008, (5): 59-67
147 Simon S. M. Ho, Raymond S. Y. Chan. Social Harmony in Hong Kong: Level, Determinants and Policy Implications. Soc Indic Res. 2007: 1-22
148 Nirbhay N. Singh, Jennifer D. McKay, M.D. Ashvind N. Singh. Culture and Mental Health: Nonverbal Communication. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 1998, (4): 403-409
149叶朗.文化产业与我国21世纪的经济发展.中华读书报.2002年09月18日
150谭志云.农村文化产业的功能定位及发展路径.文化研究.2007,(12):113- 117
151余洁.文化产业与旅游产业.旅游学刊. 2007, (10): 9-10
152格玛江初.藏民族传统文化对白马雪山自然保护区生物多样性的影响.林业调查规划. 2004, ( 4): 23-26
153张立明.人工神经网络的模型及其应用.复旦大学出版社, 1993: 237
154曹静.基于群组层次分析法的广告代理商模糊评价.产业与科技论坛. 2007, (7): 145-149
155张丹.浅析陕西人力资本投资与收益回报分析.统计与决策.2005,(19): 93-94
156张真.熵概念及其对经济学问题的认识.自然辩证法研究. 2006,22(8): 67- 70