摘要
碳酸盐岩缝洞型属于特殊的碳酸盐岩油藏。塔河油田四区即属于非均质性极强的碳酸盐溶洞—裂缝型油藏,地质情况复杂,储集空间多样,其储层表现为其不规则形态和不均匀分布、裂缝溶洞发育不均一特点。此类油藏的勘探开发属于世界级难题,故在勘探开发过程中,该类油藏缝洞体的识别、油水分布模式、水体的估算、油藏动态特征及水驱特征分析,对油藏开发方案的制定和调整,具有重要的理论和实际意义。
论文充分利用油气勘探开发取得的地质、岩心、录井、地震、测井资料和油藏地质的研究成果,结合缝洞单元理论基础,分析其油藏驱动能量并采用多种方法估算了其主体单元水体体积;水体能量是该类油藏最主要的天然驱油能量之一,因此估算准确水体大小对油藏的合理高效开发具有相当重要的意义。在借鉴国内外碳酸盐岩油藏和砂岩油藏的开发经验并充分考虑该缝洞单元特殊的地质—物理条件的基础上,综合分析各种确定水体大小方法的适用性,从数据整理过程和精确程度来看,压降法(储罐模型)计算水体结果更为适用塔河奥陶系油藏。
水驱曲线法在我国已广泛地应用了多年,无论是理论还是实践一般仅限于砂岩油藏,而碳酸盐岩油藏水驱特征比砂岩油藏更复杂,多变。以塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏为例,归纳水驱曲线具有3种类型:单一直线段、多个直线段(呈台阶状)、不规则的水驱曲线,其中台阶状为碳酸盐岩油藏所特有的,反映了碳酸盐岩油藏具有缝洞发育、水体能量不稳定、水驱规律复杂的特征,能量下降波及不同水体。从地质静态资料分析入手,结合从缝洞单元各生产特征,分析其油水分布模式并提出了3类典型井的的水驱曲线特征并阐述了其地质因素的影响机制,提出了控制其含水合理的的开发建议。
针对目前缝洞单元的多种开发措施进行了综合评价,分析认为水驱开发、注水替油、关井压锥和针对性的堵水措施是有效的增油控产措施。由于塔河4区各缝洞单元缝洞发育程度、能量大小、水体规模以及油水分布模式都存在很大的差别,突出的矛盾不一样,因此对于不同类别的缝洞单元,在后期的开发技术政策上实行针对性的措施,对碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏的开发有指导意义。
Tehe 4 area oilfield is a strong heterogeneity carbonate reservoir which belongs toa kind of very special carbonate reservoir.There is a complicated geologic conditionand various reservoir spaces showed irregular shape and heterogeneous distribution offracture and cavity, it maked to be a difficult promble in exploring and exploiting. Howto identified fracture and cave, oil-water distribution rule, reservoir behavior charactersand water drive characteristic plays very important roles in making and adjusting ofreservoir development plan.
This paper annlysises the drive power of reservior and the volume of water usingthe date of geology, drill core, logging, seismic,combining with the theory of fractureand cave unit.And then, analysises oil-water distribution rule in Tehe 4 area oilfield,Water energy is one of most important naturally energy in the oil displacement process,so there is important significance of estimating accurately the size of the water withrational and efficient exploit the Fractured-Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs. this paper usethe foreign and domestic development experience on carbonate reservoir and sandstonereservoir and considering the special geological-Physical conditions of thefracture–cavity unit, integrated analyzing the applicability of the approach ofdetermining the size of water bodies, selecting of the method of water-oil volume ratioto estimate the water body size of the fracture-cavity unit.
Water flooding curve has been widely applied in China for many years, bothgenerally limited to the sandstone reservoirs in theory and practisely,but the waterflooding law of the carbonate reservoirs are more complex and changeable than that ofthe sandstone reservoirs. Tahe Oilfield is the Ordovician carbonate reservoir,the waterflooding curves have 3 types, single- stage，multi-stage，irregular shape.And themulti-stage shape is the particular curve of carbonate reservoirs, reflecting they are ofdeveloped fractures, instability water energy and complex characteristics of the water flooding law，energy declines spread to different water bodies. Ultiliazation the wellwater analysis of regional and typical wells can verify that there are several water bodyin a fracture cave unit. sums up water drive characteristic of three typical wells,pointsout the influence of geologic condition, concludsthe way of controlled the speed ofwater cut.
After comprehensive evaluation of various development techniques in Teheoilfield,this paper maintains that waterflooding, shut-in coning controld and pertinencemeasures of water plugging are very effective ways to increasing the production of oilwell. Making different plan to different fracture and cavity unit characteristic makesvery important sense to guidie the exploitation.
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