摘要
“碱/表面活性剂/聚合物(ASP)”三元复合驱以其提高采收率幅度大、技术相对简单和经济效益好而受到石油开发工作者的广泛重视。近年来,大庆油田开展了多个三元复合驱矿场试验和工业化推广应用项目,取得了较好的增油降水效果。但在三元复合驱试验和工业化应用过程中,采出液乳化和结垢一直是制约其大规模推广应用的技术难题。为减少采出液乳化和结垢给油田正常生产带来的不利影响,一方面在采出井中添加破乳剂和防垢剂,另一方面是采用弱碱替代强碱或研制无碱表面活性剂。尽管采取了各种技术措施,但现有三元复合体系在获取超低界面张力和缓蚀防垢两方面还难以做到完全兼顾。SJT-B助剂是一种新开发的磷硅酸盐溶胶体系,它不仅可以降低复合体系与原油间的界面张力,还具有缓蚀防垢功效。为了深入了解和掌握SJT-B助剂对复合体系性质影响和作用机理,笔者利用仪器检测和理论分析方法,对“SJT-B助剂/表面活性剂/聚合物”复合体系的缓蚀防垢、黏度、界面张力、传输和转向能力、吸附和色谱分离性质进行了测试和分析,在具有大庆杏树岗油田地质特征的物理模型上对“SJT-B助剂/聚合物”二元和“SJT-B助剂/表面活性剂/聚合物”三元复合体系的调驱效果进行了物理模拟,并与现有“碱/表面活性剂/聚合物”三元复合体系的调驱效果进行了对比。结果表明,“SJT-B助剂/聚合物”二元复合体系和“SJT-B助剂/表面活性剂/聚合物”三元复合体系在流度控制能力、转向能力和驱油效果等方面优于“碱/表面活性剂/聚合物”三元复合体系,在降低界面张力、吸附和色谱分离等方面二者相当。人造均质和非均质岩心以及天然岩心驱替实验结果表明,SJT-B可以替代碱NaOH在三元复合体系中的作用,“SJT-B助剂/表面活性剂/聚合物”三元复合驱可以取得更好的增油和缓蚀防垢效果。
Alkali/ surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding is attached broad importance by the petroleum engineers with its ability to enhance oil recovery largely, with its simple technique and its high profit. In recent years, many projects of field test and industrialized popularizing of the ASP flooding have been carried out in Daqing oilfield. But the emulsification problem of the produced fluid and the scaling problem of the reservoir in field test industrialized popularizing of the ASP flooding are always technical problems which have restricted it from extensive popularizing. In order to reduce the bad influence on oilfield production which is brought by the produced fluid emulsification and scaling, on one hand, the deemulsifier and the antiscale were put into the production well, on the other hand, weak alkali was used to replace the alkali or a new kind of none-alkali surfactant was being developed. Although some techniques are adopted, it is still hard for us to both get the super lower interfacial tension and control the corrosion and relieve the scale. SJT-B adjuvant, which is a silicate gel system and newly produced, can not only lower the interfacial tension between the ASP and the crude oil but also control the corrosion and relieve the scale. In order to understand and master the effect of SJT-B adjuvant on capabilities of complex system and its mechanism, the author uses detecting method with equipments and theory analysis method to test and analyze the antiscale and corrosion control ability, viscosity, interfacial tension, transporting and diversion ability, absorption and chromatographic fractionation characteristics of surfactant/SJT-B/polymer, and does some physical simulations about the flooding effect of SJT-B/polymer and surfactant/SJT-B/polymer on physical models which has the geological characteristic of the Xing Shugang reservoir of Daqing oilfieild, and compare the flooding effect with that of ASP. The results indicate that SJT-B/polymer and surfactant/ SJT-B/polymer have better fluid control ability, diversion ability and flooding effect than those of ASP, and have almost the same lowering interfacial tension ability, absorption, and chromatographic fractionation ability with those of ASP. After flooding experiments on homogenous and antistrophic, artificial and natural cores, it can be sure that SJT-B can replace NaOH in ASP, and have batter effect of increasing oil production and antiscale and corrosion control.
引文
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